About Pregnancy and Childcare

How to Deal with Nausea and Vomiting During Early Pregnancy

2010-11-03T17:22:00.000-07:00

Some 70 percent of women experience nausea within the first two months of pregnancy and about half experience vomiting. These symptoms generally begin within four weeks after conception and subside by nine or ten weeks. Nausea and vomiting last throughout pregnancy in 10 to 15 percent of women. Severe or prolonged nausea and vomiting are not considered normal and should be checked out by your health-care provider.

Women who experience nausea or nausea and vomiting early in pregnancy are more than 60 percent less likely to miscarry than women who do not experience either nausea or vomiting. Increasing hormone levels that are thought to prompt nausea and vomiting may be responsible for the reduced risk miscarriage.

It is preferable to "Eat through" your nausea and vomiting rather than to lose weight.

Key Nutrients for Pregnancy

2009-07-14T03:39:00.000-07:00

It's important to consume enough of every nutrient required during pregnancy. Certain nutrients, however, deserve a spotlight because they are most likely to be present in low amount in the diets of pregnant women.

Folic Acid
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
Calcium
Iron
Zinc
Iodine
Antioxidants
Vitamin A - Getting enough, but not too much
Protein
EPA and DHA

Complete Baby Care Instructions for New Parents Video

2009-07-08T22:49:00.000-07:00

Complete Baby Care teaches new mothers how to care for their baby.

How To Treat Diaper Rash Video

2009-07-08T22:29:00.000-07:00

Treat diaper rash by applying a diaper rash cream before putting a diaper (petroleum jelly can do), giving the baby frequent baths and allowing plenty of air to reach the baby's diaper area. Prevent diaper rash by changing the diaper frequently and don't put diapers that is already used.

Common Complaint During Pregnancy

2009-07-05T02:48:00.000-07:00

It is rare that women complete pregnancy without experiencing nausea, vomiting, leg cramps, constipation, heartburn, backaches, or other side effects. It is also rare that they aren't taken by surprise by their occurrence. The purpose of this is you help you avoid these and to present ways you can help relieve the discomfort they can cause.

Complaint During Pregnancy

Nausea and vomiting
Constipation
Heartburn
Iron deficiency anemia
Gestational diabetes
Preeclampsia

Because each of these conditions can become severe or may signal other problems, they should be monitored by your health-care provider and treated medically as needed.

CHANGES TO EXPECT DURING PREGNANCY

2008-10-22T11:58:00.000-07:00

As previously mentioned, the major cause of the changes experienced by a woman during pregnancy is increased hormone production. Your body normally produces a few milligrams of hormones such as progesterone and estrogen is a day. But once you get pregnant, these hormones increase to at least 30 times more than the usual amount to support and nourish the fetus. The effect is felt in drastic changes in the breasts, skin, back and even pains in the stomach and head. Read on to know more about those physical changes.

BREASTS – There’s tingling sensation, tenderness and swelling. During the menstrual period, the same is experienced due to hormonal production. In pregnancy, however a more dramatic change is likely to occur because this is when your breasts start to produce milk for your baby. Your breast may have a small amount of discharge that appears like milk. It is colostrums, a pre-milk substance that’s high in protein, antibodies, and minerals. You may feel embarrassed by the leaking but it is just a minor problem that can be solved by wearing a highly absorbent bra.
TEETH AND GUMS – Increased blood flow makes your teeth and gums sensitive, that’s why you may experience a swollen mouth and bleeding gums. Even before your pregnancy, you should have consulted your dentist for tooth extraction, cleaning, and X-ray. Having such procedures done during your pregnancy may be harmful.
FREQUENT URINATION – The pressure on the bladder by the uterus makes you feel like urinating all the time. Make it a habit to empty your bladder from time to time to avoid the inconvenience of getting out of bed and going to the bathroom when you should be sleeping in the middle of the night.
CONSTIPATION – Because of the enlarging uterus, there is downward pressure on the muscles and veins in the rectum, which results in inconvenience bowel movement. Dilation occurs and causes painful bowel movement. As mentioned, a high-fiber diet can prevent constipation because it is easy to digest. Drinking at least 8 glasses of water a day also aids in digestion.
FATIGUE – Unusual tiredness is always felt during pregnancy. Dizziness and laziness may also be felt. As the fetus grows, your increased body weight makes it difficult for you to do your normal activities. You can lessen the fatigue by taking enough rest, exercise, and proper food.
SKIN – The skin undergoes one of the most visible and common changes during pregnancy. Although some pregnant women have glowing complexions, others experience discoloration and acne, Skin on the underarms, neck, and other parts of the body become darker. Stretch marks become visible on the abdomen, back of the legs and thighs, and the skin texture changes from smooth to rough. However, the skin returns to its normal state after birth.
HAIR – Straight hair may become curly and vice versa. The hair of some women becomes shiny and vibrant while that of others may become coarse and dry. At other times, hair becomes thicker or thinner. Thinning hair is normal, though. It is passing phase and it doesn’t mean that you will go bald. However, during your pregnancy, it would be better to avoid dyeing or perm your hair as the chemicals used in those procedures may be harmful to you and your baby.
FINGERNAILS – In some pregnant women, Splitting or breaking of nails occurs. To protect your nails, wear gloves when working or apply strengthening cream and lotion until after delivery when the nails have returned to normal.
VAGINA – The vagina tissues changes early in pregnancy. They become more dilated in preparation for birth. During this time, the pregnant woman may lubricate more and feel a greater desire for sex. But this is not true for all women. If you experience heavy discharge, you can use a light sanitary pad. Douching is discouraged because it may harm the baby. If you discharge has a foul odor consult your gynecologist.

TOLERABLE EMOTIONAL CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY

2008-10-22T10:57:00.000-07:00

The physical changes that occur with pregnancy will have a tremendous impact on your emotional condition. You may feel overwhelmed by your different lifestyle and the demands of starting a family. However, you can cope with these emotional changes if early on in your pregnancy, you know what to expect from motherhood. Surely there will be a lot of adjustment to make. You and your partner will bear a great responsibility not only for nine months but for the rest of your lives. That’s why the best thing to do is to gradually prepare as the birth of your baby approaches.

Here are some helpful tips:

1. COPING WITH ANXIETY - As a prospective mother, you are bound to have worries and anxieties. Fear of an unsuccessful delivery, possible abnormalities of your baby, and your own readiness as a parent may contribute to a feeling of helplessness. These feeling are normal for the most pregnant women. At the latter stage of your pregnancy, when the baby is about to be born, the level of anxiety may increase along with the level of excitement. You can reduce your anxiety simply by thinking pleasant thoughts: about how beautiful your baby will be and how you will do your best to be a good parent. Think positive; everything will be fine.

2. CHANGING YOUR IMAGE – When you were still single, you were always concerned about your looks, the image you presented to the outside world. But the experience of motherhood changes that pregnancy could make you feel insecure about your looks. Moreover you may see yourself as an unattractive complement to your partner. You may fear that you have lost your sex appeal, and that your partner is no longer interested in you. But you can overcome your physical insecurities simply by focusing on the positive things. Appreciate the fullness of your body and breasts. Believe that the opportunity to bear a child is actually a sexy thing. A lot of people will tell you that a pregnant woman is beautiful in her own way. And remember that beauty is also a state of mind: you just have to think that pregnancy is a wonderful gift. Some thing that enhances rather than diminishes your appearance.

3. CHANGING YOUR ROLE – Obviously, being a single is different from being married. Being a mother is also different from being a wife. The modern woman understands all these roles. Being a wife, mother, and career woman involves considerable demands. You’re no longer just taking care of yourself; you have a family to look after. Sometimes you’ll have to put their needs ahead of yours. But take heart because juggling several roles, although stressful, can also be fulfilling. Instead of viewing your multiple roles as a heavy burden, you can enjoy your multi-faceted life by managing your time efficiently and by enlisting the support of your partner and family. The joys of being a wife and a mother make you unique and your situation special. Of course there are problems, but you will not be facing them alone. Your husband and child are at your side. Think of all your roles as opportunities to maximize your potential as a person and to strengthen your relationship with your partner and family. The pressures of family like will serve as a test of loyalty and devotion for you and your husband. The key to a successful family life is setting realistic expectations and being tolerant of different people and situations. A shared positive outlook as well as good communication will strengthen the marital bond. Take comfort in the fact that pregnancy tends to bring couples even closer together. It is not only you who’s coping with a new role; your husband is too. Fatherhood changes a man. It inspires him, makes him more loving and understanding. This enables both of you to strengthen the foundation of your family.

Home Birth Video

2008-10-14T04:17:00.000-07:00

This video may not be suitable for minors.

Twin Home Birth

Value of Discipline

2008-05-19T03:43:00.000-07:00

The idea behind discipline is to teach children to do what is right and not to do what is wrong. Discipline is related to the concepts of reward and punishment. Discipline involves certain rules meant to be followed by the child. However, it also involves certain limitations on the part of the parent. No parent would want to raise a spoiled brat, and certainly all parents have the duty to discipline their children. However, no parent has the right to deal unnecessary punishment such as beating. Otherwise that’s not discipline anymore-that’s abuse.

Since children have limited minds, they do not have a full grasp of discipline yet. They usually don’t see the importance of “rules” and even if you tell them over and over not to scatter their toys, they will not follow. That’s the nature of children. In that case, patience on the part of the parent is very important. Some children actually resent being told what to do. When a certain degree of “conflict” arises between parent and child, the latter usually reacts by crying and the parent is left confused and frustrated. When such a situation arises, what are you supposed to do?

DIVERT YOUR CHILD’S ATTENTION

Babies and toddlers are easily distracted by things around them. Their attention is constantly shifting and their minds easily focus on things that are attractive to their eyes. You can distract your crying toddlers simply by handing him a unique item or a favorite toy, or you could take him out of the house to look at some beautiful plants or cute puppies. Once his attention is on something else, he will instantly stop crying.

CONSOLE HIM

Explain to your child why you are setting certain rules. Tell him that those rules are for his own good. Sometimes, the more you console your toddlers, the more he cries. He may simply be trying to flush out his hurt feelings. Holding, hugging and kissing will ease his pain, and he will sense that you still love him no matter what.

IGNORE HIM, IF NECESSARY

Toddlers will cry more if they sense that you are annoyed by their crying. And if they are really mad, they will cry their lungs out. At that point, you may want to spank him. Control your feelings. Ignore him by leaving him or sending him out. If he notices that his crying has no effect on you, he will see that there’s no point in throwing a fit. Of course, he will stop crying when he’s tired.

Building Self-esteem

2008-05-04T04:34:00.000-07:00

In childhood, personality develops in accordance with parent’s nurturing style. There’s a lot of room for a child to develop, and it’s important at an early stage to help your child to establish a good image of him. This is where self-esteem comes in. Developing this in your child requires a long and gradual process.

Self-esteem is in fact related to responsibility. If you have been successful in making your child responsible, if you always compliment her efforts, chances are good that she will gain confidence in herself. She will regard herself as a worthy individual who can easily recover from her mistakes and failures and strive to do better everyday.

The seeds of self-confidence, self-esteem, and independence are planted when you allow your child to do things on her own, when you let her reach her potential. Of course, children often make mistakes. But if you give your child room to make decisions and choices, if you let her accomplish the goals she has set, then she will learn to regard mistakes as a normal part of life. And she will find a way to improve herself.

You can help your child develop self-esteem by pointing out and appreciating her strengths instead of her weaknesses. If your toddler can recite the alphabet but has not learned to count from one to ten, compliment her for knowing her ABC. Don’t criticize her inability to count; instead, find a way to make her interested in numbers. IF she’s having difficulty with a particular task, lend a hand and don’t force her to do the task perfectly. If you want your child to believe in herself, you have to believe in her first.

The importance of responsibility

2008-04-14T00:14:00.000-07:00

Even at an early stage in your child’s life, you can already teach her to be responsible. Acting within one’s power and limitations is what responsibility is all about.

Teach you child that she’s accountable for certain things no matter how small they are. Of course, a two year-old cannot do household chores, but teaching her to be responsible to simple “commands” such as picking up crayons and sheet of paper, throwing small bit into the waste basket, or handling a toy to you – will make her understand the meaning of responsibility.

As your child gets older, assign some simple task to her. Let her tie his shoelaces, make her bed, brush her teeth before bedtime, and collect scattered things in her room. Once she gets used to doing those tasks, she will think of them as her responsibility. Always compliment your child for every accomplished task. If she knows that her efforts are appreciated she will keep up the good work.

Responsibility always starts in the home. If you find it hard to teach your child responsibility, sit down and work with her. You can do house chores together. She can observe your work and you do the tasks that are manageable for her age. Keep in mind, though, that a toddler has limited mental capacities. The instructions that you give now may be forgotten in a few minutes, so you have to repeat things until your child gets accustomed to them. But your child is worth all that effort. In the future, the fruits of your labor will be apparent in your child’s relationship with the family and the community. By teaching your child to be responsible, you’re developing a valuable member of society. Responsibility begins at home.

Nothing Beats Honesty

2008-04-07T18:41:00.000-07:00

In this day and age, honesty is a trait that’s hard to come by. Everyone seems to find lying as a convenient way to protect their interests. Whatever happened to the saying “honesty is the best policy”? However, some sectors still value this character trait. In fact some believe that “Honestly is the only policy.” The impact of honesty in a person’s life may not be instantly felt, but honesty has long term implications not only for individuals but for the society in general. Honesty normally goes with responsibility, integrity, humility, trust and countless other desirable traits.

How can you teach honesty to your children? First of all, bear in mind that although honesty is an abstract term, its presence and consequences can be perceived in the actual world (in the same way that dishonesty and its effect can easily be observed). You can’t exactly teach your children honesty by defining the term in so many words, but you can always encourage your children to be honest.

One way to instill honesty among your children is not to confront them about mistakes that you know they will deny. Children feel nervous when they are confronted with their mistakes. Because of fear, they tend to lie and cover their misdeeds with repeated lying. So instead of confronting your children when he or she has done something wrong, try talking to him in a mild way. Say something like “James, please pick up the books you left on the floor” instead of saying, “Who scattered those books?” If you ask who did something, the children will be compelled to point to other people because he is afraid of being punished. But by telling him to clean up his own mess, he will have no opportunity to lie and he will realize that he should put his books and other belongings in their proper place.

Another important way to teach honesty is to be honest yourself. Sometimes, children become dishonest because they imitate what their elders are doing. If he sees you taking money from your partner’s wallet without asking permission, or if you intentionally do not return the excess change for something you brought at a store, he will think that those actions are alright. When he’s an adult he will not hesitate to steal or cheat because of the mistaken belief that he can get away such behavior. Imagine if he catches you having am affair and, when confronted, you lie about it. In that case, are you teaching honesty? What impression are you giving your child?

Setting an honest example will help your child realize what you want him to be. If you lie to your child but you get angry when he lies. Then your child will be confused. Remember also that trust is closely linked to honesty. If you lose your child’s trust, then you’ll never be able to teach him to be honest.

Samples of unpleasant behaviors

2008-04-03T03:58:00.000-07:00

Samples of unpleasant behaviors:

Yelling at one another even if they are near to each other
Squabbling or quarreling in front of other people
Stealing
cursing
cheating
lying
Littering
Vandalism
Jaywalking
Taking illegal drugs
Alcohol (drinking)
and Smoking

What other good manners should teach them?

2008-04-03T03:51:00.000-07:00

What other good manners should you teach your children?

Saying "thank you" and learning to appreciate everything they have received
Saying "please" when asking for something; making a request, not a demand
At mealtimes, not farting or burping at the table; saying "excuse me" if the huge cannot be controlled
Not throwing food or talking while the mouth is full; respecting the food at the table; sitting up properly when eating.
Not interrupting other people during conversations and not shoving their way between people; saying "excuse me" and "sorry" if they are disturbing anyone.
Respecting each other's belongings and asking permission to borrow anything that belongs to another person

Good manners and right conduct

2008-04-03T03:42:00.000-07:00

All parent want their children to be accepted by society, that's why they teach what is traditionally called "good manners and right conduct". This is a very broad area that involves table manners ( for example, using spoon and fork correctly), the right way to treat older people, and proper behavior in a public place, among others.

Good manner are best taught during the crucial toddler years. At this stage, children are highly impressionable. Anything you teach them, whether good or bad (hopefully good) will stick to their minds and influence them from the rest of their lives. Although outward manners alone do not reflect a person's total character, they will help your child cope easily with the society in which they are growing up.

Bear in mind that your child's behavior, both at home and in the company of other people, will reflect on you as parent. If your child is kind, respectful, and considerate, the people around you will think that you're doing a wonderful parenting job.

Why a good example as a parent important?

2008-03-29T21:41:00.000-07:00

Every child learns by example. That means your behavior is one of the most important things to consider in raising your child. Be careful that he does not see any negative behavior and attitude for he will definitely imitate it. And, as mentioned, the role of parent as a teacher last for a lifetime. You have a duty to set a good example even when your children are independent and are themselves parents.

What you can do

Don't make comparisons. Its very easy to compare things, incidents and people when you are teaching your children. Don't compare your kids with other children. Every individuals has his or her own distinct qualities. (No two people, not even twins, are alike.) Each child has personal timetable to grow and learn, so don't force your child to be what he is not nor to imitate "better" children.
Don't spoil your children. Over-affectionate parents misrepresent their actions by giving their kids too much. Such behavior stems from the belief that if you love your child, give her everything she wants. But that's not an effective parenting principle. If you love your child, don't give her too much so that she won't abuse you. Although you intend to provide and not to deprive, overemphasis on material things will spoil your children. Some busy parent try to compensate for their inadequate time with their kids by giving and buying almost everything the kids wish for. Isn't your time and presence more valuable than your presents? Let your children learn the hard way and reward them after accomplishing certain tasks. Show them that thing he wants is worth having if he "works" for it. Teach them to exert effort.
Watch your behavior always. This is related to setting a good example. You may want to teach your child good behavior, but if you don't change your negative ways first, how can he learn from you? If you are in the habit of criticizing others, if you're hard to please, boastful, and materialistic, you child won't benefits from your teaching. No one is perfect, but if you nurture the positive aspects of your character and establish an atmosphere of love, respect and discipline in your home, then you will be a succesful parent.

Being a parent and a teacher

2008-03-29T10:13:00.000-07:00

A child begins to learn from the day she was born. You, the parent, are her first teacher. Your every words and every act is a lesson that your child can learn from. Your teaching does not stop the moment your child goes to pre-school. It is a task and responsibility that goes on through life, regardless of your child's academic level or his professional achievements.

As a parent, you're responsible not only for providing your child's material needs. You have a moral responsibility to teach your child about life itself so that he'll grow up to be a healthy and happy individual who will in turn raise healthy and happy children.

How to communicate with your kid

2008-03-28T06:55:00.000-07:00

Even before your child learns to talk, he will use bodily gestures to express his feeling. As he grows, he is able to express himself through language. Because language is new to your child, he loves to experiment with it. He imitates every word he hears.

Your child actually learns his language from you. So it is your responsibility to teach him correct and polite verbal communication. Speak in the same way, and he will learn to speak in the same way. If you talk in a loud and intimidating tone, so he will. Yelling and using foul words is never advisable since it will frighten your child and reduce his self-esteem.

Remember that your child’s personality is influenced by the environment he’s growing up in. It is widely acknowledge that happy and mild-mannered parent raise happy and well-adjusted children.

In establishing good communication at your home, respect is essential. Next to love, this is the most important thing that you can instill in your child’s impressionable mind. Some people think that it’s only children who owe their parents respect. They think it’s alright for parents to badmouth their kids when the latter have done something wrong.

However, in a positive family environment, parents also treat their children with respect. Respect is about tolerating one’s imperfections and at the same time guiding one toward self-improvement. Isn’t guidance one of the duties of a parent?

Certainly there will be times when your child will do something wrong, something that wrong, some thing that totally upsets you. If you always point out your children’s shortcoming without acknowledging their positive qualities, they will grow up feeling worthless. Parent should be humble enough to admit that they also make mistakes- and that, when they were young, they had their own share of embarrassing experiences. Perhaps your child also feels embarrassed when he does something wrong, You can point out and correct his mistake in a gentle yet authoritative manner.

Be considerate of your child’s needs. Even id he’s just a toddler, he already deserves to be treated as an individual. Do not think that your toddler is just a pretty little thing that you can show off to other people. Children, just like adults, have demands that should net be ignored. During a trip to the mall, for instance, expect that your toddler would go thirsty, need to go to the toilet, or get upset for some odd reason. Be patient when these things happen. Do not be annoyed that you’re shopping or your meal is disrupted. Most of all, do not berate your child in public.

If your child is throwing a tantrum and you’re beginning to get angry take him to a quite corner and talk to him calmly.

Recognizing your child’s need-and understanding his personality quirks-is a sign of love and respect for him. It’s also a way to gain his love and respect.

Administering Health and Hygiene

2008-03-17T07:27:00.000-07:00

Health and hygiene are essential aspects of child rearing. Administering health and hygiene actually starts at birth. A child with a mother who is health-conscious is a very lucky. For sure, as your child grows up, you will be be teaching him to brush his teeth, wash his hands before eating, etc. As a mother, you always want to protect your child ( and your whole family) from ailments, thats why any sign of illness in your toddler has you rushing him to the doctor. But if you know how to maintain cleanliness in your household, there's less risk for anyone in your family to contract a disease. Take note of the following tips:

Avoid sharing personal items like towels, cups, toothbrushes, undergarments and combs.
Disinfect your house regularly, including the toilet, kitchen, bedrooms, etc.
Reduce germs by washing your hands before eating and washing raw food to be cooked.
Keep your child away from pets, or make sure that your pets are clean and healthy.

Also, keep these things ready in case your toddlers get sick:

Thermometer to monitor his temperature
Dropper for medicine and vitamins
Medicine dispenser
Petroleum jelly for chapped lips and dry skin
Cream or ointment for diaper rash
Ice packs for unexpected bumps and bruises
Band-aids and gauze for unwanted wounds and cuts
Suction syringe for a congested nose
Anti-itch lotion for allergies and insect bites
Moisturizing soaps and lotions
Antiseptic, alcohol, and cotton for cleaning wounds

Taking care of children during bedtime

2008-03-08T23:22:00.000-08:00

Getting a child to bed is a challenge for any parent, especially those with hyperactive toddlers who are in the habit of playing even in the middle of the night. But sleep is necessary to regain one's energy (this applies to both children and adults). What will you do if your child can't sleep ever after you've given her a glass of warm milk? If you're too tired from work, perhaps you can hold in your arms and sing a lullaby until she falls asleep. You can also read to her a bedtime story until she drifts off to dreamland. But if stories still work, don't force your toddler to sleep. Try the following tips instead:

Play, talk, or even dance with her, These activities will exhaust her and pretty soon she'll be dozing off.
Give a warm bath (depending on her health condition) to relax her and make her fall asleep.
Feed her a small meal or a snack. When a kid's stomach is full, she tends to become sleepy.

Bath Time for Baby

2008-02-05T05:11:00.000-08:00

Have you ever know a toddler who hates to take a bath? Most toddlers love taking a bath. For them, bath time is the most enjoyable activity of the day. But not at all children have a positive attitude to bathing. In fact, even a child who loves the water may sometimes run away from it. It's really up to the mother to encourage her toddler to take a bath. In any case, here are some things to keep in mind for the safety of your child at bath time.

Check the combination of hot and cold water. Extreme temperatures may harm your child's skin and health.
If you have a bathtub, keep the water level low to prevent drowning.
Never leave your child alone. You do not know what he may do (taste the soap, hurt his eye, slip on the tile, etc.)
Start the bath early (depending on your geographical location). Toddlers can adapt to the climate in their area. Choose the time that you think your child is most comfortable with.
Keep your child seated. Let him stand if necessary to clean up unreachable parts.
Don't allow him to drink bath water.

Childcare Routine

2008-02-05T04:49:00.000-08:00

Your toddler is the most endearing creation you will ever have in your home. Surely you will be delighted by everything he does. Most of the time you spend with him will be playtime, and you will have a lot of fun together as he grows up. However, rearing a toddler is not all fun; it requires a lot of work because you want to keep him comfortable and happy at tall times.

Here are some common childcare activities, including some problems related to them, that every mother should be familiar with.

BATH TIME
BED TIME
ADMINISTERING HEALTH AND HYGIENE

What is balanced diet?

2008-01-31T05:02:00.000-08:00

A balanced diet is a combination of food groups containing the essential vitamins, minerals and proper nutrients to nourish one's health. Sweets (chocolates, soft drinks, ice cream, etc.), fatty and junk foods (potato chips), and processed meats such as hotdogs (which contain nitrates that are bad for the health) are not on the list of nutritious foods.

A balanced diet for your growing baby should contain the following items, which have been determined by nutrition experts as essential to one's health:

FOOD RICH IN VITAMIN A should be served at least once a day. Some sources are carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach and apricots.
FOOD RICH IN VITAMIN C provide protection from allergies and colds. Sources are guavas, tomatoes, oranges, pineapples and other citrus fruits. Avoid canned fruit with heavy syrup because it has sugar content.
FIBERS apples, potatoes, pears, oats bananas, and strawberries are fibrous foods that aid digestion. These should be served once a day.
GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES should be served several times a week.

Try to get these foods, integrate them in your diet and give them to your child several times a week and he'll grow up healthy. It's also important for parents to have good eating habits that can be passed on to their children.

Keep your child away from caffeinated beverages such as softdrinks, coffee or tea or sugar rich foods like ice cream and candies

Avoid processed foods that have a lot of salt, sugar and fat. Quickie meals, such as noodles that contain preservatives, food coloring and additives, are not healthy.

Be choosy with food because it will determine your child's physical health. Remember that growing children are attracted to sweet and processed foods. If your child gets used to having a hotdogs and a glass of coke for lunch simply because you let him, you'll never be able to raise him as a healthy (and health-conscious) individual. Establish a healthy diet and good eating habits in your family. After all, "mom knows best".

When is the right time for solid food?

2008-01-28T04:17:00.000-08:00

For the first three months, infants are entirely dependent on milk. from the fourth month onwards, you may start giving him solid food such as rice cereals, which are soft and need not be chewed by your baby. By this time, he may already be teething.

To ensure healthy teeth and gums, iron-fortified cereals are the recommended. Such meals may be given twice a day, one in the morning and another at dinnertime. At first, your baby may not like the food.

Eventually, however, he will get used to the taste and texture of solid food and pretty soon, he may even enjoy eating vegetables.

Understanding Food and Nutritions for Baby

2008-01-27T16:59:00.000-08:00

Because babies are undergoing, rapid development, their eating habits can be very confusing. When it comes to food and nutrition, children may have different preferences and needs.

In terms of feeding, parents should take the middle way. Don't feed your child when he's not hungry. Don't overfeed him but don't starve him either. If your child is still dependent on milk, feed on demand. But remember that your child's eating habits will change as the grows. You should be ready for certain adjustment when he starts to eat solids.

Raising A Healthy, Happy Child

2008-01-23T03:53:00.000-08:00

Parenthood is probably the most challenging experience of your life. Raising a child is certainly exhausting and demanding, but it is also fulfilling. Being a mother changes your priorities. It also makes you reconsider important decisions, such as whether you should go back to work or not. Some women prefer to stay home for the first few months until they have established a bond with their babies.

Raising a child is not a simple task but it is a refreshing change in your personal life. Parenting makes you a more mature and responsible individual. It also brings your relationship with your partner to a higher level. The two of you now share the responsibility to raise another human being in a safe and nurturing environment.

Safety TIPS for our baby

2008-01-17T04:11:00.000-08:00

Keep your baby away from the following:

SHARP ITEMS such as knives, construction tools, blades ets.
ELECTRICAL OUTLETS. He may insert his fingers or anything into them. This could result in electrocution.
MATCHES OR LIGHTERS, anything that produces fire.
MEDICINE. Always keep these out of his reach to prevent swallowing.
DISINFECTANTS AND POISONOUS CHEMICALS which are combustible and harmful to skin, eyes, lungs, etc.
PLASTIC BAG OR CONTAINERS. He may suffocate if he gets hold of such items.
HOT OR BOILING WATER. This could cause burns or blisters.
APPLIANCES. Huge items can be dangerous if your baby holds on to them for support. Others may burn or cut him. Keep him far from them.
STAIRWAYS. If you have stairs at home, don't let him come near them, or make a small fence that he cannot jump over.

More tips:

Do not leave your baby unattended
Cover sharp corners in your home
Put away hazardous chemicals such as disinfectants, soaps, fluids and other cleaning materials
Cover electrical outlets
Build fences or gates to prevent him from reaching off-limits areas
Keep toilet door and cabinets always closed.

Remember that the safety of a child depends on adults. Maintaining a safe and baby-friendly home is your responsibility as a parent. Keeping your environment safe for your baby would require certain adjustments but the effort that you put into it will be for the long-term welfare of your precious one.

How to have safe, baby-friendly environment?

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As your child grows up, he becomes more independent. Once he learns to walk, he will get busy exploring his surroundings. He will take anything that catches his attention. Because his movement is relatively unrestrained, he may be able to reach harmful objects or get out the door and onto the street. To protect him from danger, somebody has to watch him constantly and follow him wherever he goes.

Watch your Baby Grow!

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It cannot be overemphasized that your baby needs all your love and attention because she’s fully dependent on you. Naturally, you and your partner would do everything to protect her from illness or danger.

Part of your responsibility as a parent is to ensure your child’s physical well-being. Children are always vulnerable because their bodies have not fully developed the capacity to fight diseases. Their health is easily affected by factors in their environment.

Fever is a common ailment experienced by children. It is usually a sign of infection; therefore it must be taken seriously in infants. Don’t ever say “It’s just a fever and will pass after a few days” because a fever could be a symptom of something serious. It is wise to have instant medication (something prescribed by your doctor) and a thermometer at home so you can check the baby’s temperature from time to time.

To protect your child from illness, take her to a pediatrician for routine check-ups. The doctor will monitor your baby’s development, inform you of any health problem, and give valuable advice on how to keep your child happy and strong all the time.

The following are descriptions of different stages in your baby’s development from birth to 1-year-old, just so you know what to expect.

NEW BORN

Your new born baby has starling reflexes. His head tends to wobble because the muscles in the neck are not fully developed. He cannot balance his head yet. Crying is the only kind of expression your baby knows. HE cries when he’s hungry, sick, or in need of your touch. Gentle touching and rocking will quite him. He is very sensitive to the things he sees and hears.

TWO MONTHS

By this time, your baby can carry, lift and move his head. His eyes follow your every movement and he can roll on his stomach as if starting to crawl. His arms are stronger now and you may pick him up by holding him under his arms. He responds when you communicate to him. He sends signals if he wants to be fed and can respond to other stimulants by smiling.

FOUR MONTHS

He’s in control of his little body. He can keep his head steady and balanced. He likes to play with his f

ingers by pulling them apart or by sucking on them. He wonders about the little parts of his body. He rolls around and jumps when you try to make him stand. Some teeth may begin to show. He’s more into laughing than crying. He can identify his toys and even family members, and he lets you know he wants to be picked up either by stamping his feet or stretching his arms.

SEVEN MONTHS

He can now crawl and sit. He even pulls himself up to stand. He imitates the sounds he hears and begins to mumble. He watches your mouth as you speak and he tries to “talk”. His hands are busy picking things up just to throw them again. It seems that all his waking time it playtime. He cries when he’s hungry or sick. He enjoys the company of other family members. He cries and insists to follow when his parents are leaving. He enjoys taking a bath and playing with toys that float.

ELEVEN MONTHS

He can pick up toys better. He can walk a few steps. However, the ability to walk, talk and play varies greatly from one baby to another. He learns to say many simple words. He’s great imitator. He likes to repeat what he hears and to mimic other people’s movement. He dances to every rhythm he hears. He enjoys playing everywhere and he can eat with his hands.

ONE YEAR AND THREE MONTHS

His speech is easier to understand. He can walk very fast. His feet are more parallel and he knows how to balance himself. He loves to run, jumps, climb, and play with every movable objects in the house. He throws things and picks them up only to throw them again. He loves to scatter his toys everywhere. His days are all about playing, eating, and sleeping. He can identify people in pictures and call his siblings and other family members by their names. He has boundless energy.

ONE YEAR AND SIX MONTHS

He’s learning to use a spoon when eating although he still scatters the food around his mouth. He’s quite independent when it comes to taking off his shoes, socks, and hat. He can say words without the consonants at the end (such as “do” for dog) or he skips syllables (like “baa-bee”” for bumblebee)

Shifting To The Bottle

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After breastfeeding her baby for several months, a mother may opt to shift to formula and bottle-feeding, This is convenient especially for mothers who have returned to work and is out of the house at daytime.

Even through breastfeeding is more natural and advantageous, it’s perfectly alright to bottle-feed your baby and use infant formula. You don’t have to feel guilty about it because your baby can still be as healthy as his breast-fed peers. After all, most brands of milk in the market today contain medically-tested and approved nutrients.

Bottles are available anywhere. You have many good brands to choose from, and of course you’re free to pick the size, shape, and color. You may buy bottles with interesting pictures on them so that feeding time can be fun for your baby. Once you start shopping for your baby you’ll also know what kind of feeding bottle is best for him.

The Benefits Of Breastfeeding

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It promotes uterine contraction and reduces the risk of hemorrhage for the mother. Suckling enables the uterus to return to its normal size.

Intimacy between mother and child enhanced.

There are no bottles to clean or formula milk to prepare.

Decreases risk of breast cancer.

Helps in mother’s weight reduction.

Breastfed babies are safe from constipation, diarrhea, allergies, colds, and other infections.

Breastfeeding Position

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CRADLE HOLD. While sitting, use pillows to raise baby to your breast level. Keep baby’s head, body and legs in a straight line. Make sure that baby’s head is higher than the rest of his body. Support baby’s head in elbow bend. Ensure that your back is properly supported while you are seated.

FOOTBALL HOLD. Sit comfortably upright, placing pillows behind your back for support. Rest your baby alongside you so that his mouth is directly at your nipple. You can help him onto your breast by gently cradling his head with your hand. His body should be slightly titled toward you, supported by your arm.

LYING DOWN. Lie sideways using a blanket, towel, or pillow to cushion your knees. Keep your legs and supporting stomach muscles comfortable. Your baby should also lie sideways toward your breast and close to your body. Elevate your head with a pillow to prevent neck strain and to have eye contact with your baby.

Is Breastfeeding Still the Best for Baby?

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In modern society, the popularity of breastfeeding has declined due to the demands of woman’s careers. There is a higher instance of breastfeeding among educated women but the introduction of bottle-feeding has also affected the perception of some mothers. However, many have realized the long-term advantages of breastfeeding, and it is now recognized as an essential factor in maintaining the child’s health. Aside from the fact that breast milk contains all the nutrients needed by your child, it is also the best way to form a strong bond between mother and child.

Breastfeeding may be awkward for first-time mothers, but if you know the correct techniques, you’ll get used to it pretty soon.

TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL BREASTFEEDING:

1. Start breastfeeding immediately after birth.

2. Adopt a correct position so that your baby can easily latch on. Make sure that you’re also comfortable.

3. Wash your hands with soap and water before breastfeeding.

4. Always maintain eye contact with the baby.

5. Take care of your nipple and areola by avoiding soap that can cause dryness.

6. Feed your baby on demand.

7. Wear a well-fitted nursing bra that gives added support.

Handling your baby with care

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Children, especially newborns, need to be held, cuddled, and caressed. A parent’s touch is an expression of love. It gives a child a sense of security and helps her grow into a confident and happy adult.

There is no truth to the belief that your baby will be spoiled if you hug and carry her frequently. In fact, according to some studies, babies who are held more cry less. All babies need the warmth and love of their parents’ arms. A single hug goes a long way in ensuring the emotional stability of your child.

It is important, though, to hold you baby with the utmost care. The muscles and bones of infants, especially in the neck area, are delicate, so make it a point to support the neck when holding your baby. Do not stretch her arms or pick her up hastily. Use both your arms to carry the baby, otherwise you might drop her. And even though throwing babies in the air seems fun, it may be very dangerous since there’s always the possibility that you might not be able to catch her. Being a parent is a huge responsibility. Recklessness, even in the simple act of holding your child, may have dire consequences that are best avoided.

Being Aware of Baby’s Need

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- As he adapts to his new environment, your new born will be wholly dependent on your care and touch. That’s why you should be very familiar with all his needs. Even if you decide to go back to work and you cannot be at your baby’s side all the time, you can leave him in the care of a responsible person who understands the medical and physical needs of infants. Here’s a list of things that every mother or babysitter should know.

IMMUNIZATION. During the first few months, immunization program is done to protect the baby from possible diseases in the future. Suggested immunization varies greatly from one country to another. It always helps to conduct your pediatrician regarding proper immunization for your child.

BURPING. Your baby may suck in air while feeding. If the air is not expelled, it may cause stomach pains and discomfort. It is wise to burp your baby halfway through or at the end of feeding. If he doesn’t burp within 30 minutes, don’t persist.

CLEANING THE UMBILICAL CORD. It takes 2 to 3 weeks after birth for the remaining portion of the cord to fall off. Clean your baby’s umbilical stump at least once a day by dabbing it with a cotton swab in 70% Isopropyl alcohol. Always keep it dry and clean for fast healing. Don’t pull the stump; it will fall off in due time.

REGULATING ROOM TEMPERATURE. Keep your room warm and dress the baby comfortably because babies can’t regulate their body temperature.

SPITTING UP. The muscles at the top of the mouth may not be fully closed that’s why babies spit up after feeding. This is normal and it will pass as the baby grows, so there’s nothing to worry about.

BATHING. A daily bath is not necessary for a baby. But if you live in a warm place, you may have to bathe your baby once a day to keep him comfortable. Follow the following tips for an enjoyable bath time:

Sponge bath the baby until the umbilical stump dries or falls dries off.
Lukewarm water is best. Feel the temperate of the water with your elbow to make sure that it’s neither too warm nor too cold.
If your baby cries (perhaps because he’s uncomfortable being in the water), divert his attention, for example, by giving him a toy.
Use mild soap and shampoo so as not to irritate his gentle skin.

CHANGING DIAPERS. Your baby often soils his diaper due to frequent urination and bowel movement. Change his diapers as needed to keep him dry and clean. But before you put a clean diaper, clean up the genital area and buttocks to prevent infection. If redness and rash develop in the genital area, consult your pediatrician. Apply the prescribed cream or powder to the affected area. IF irritation continues, switch to a different brand of diapers.

Important Furnitures for Baby

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Highchairs and hip and backpack carriers cannot be used until the baby can sit up without support (approximately six months after birth)
Bouncy seat, stroller, playpen or carrycot
Cabinet, lamp, and mini-toilet
Toys and rattles should not have removable parts that could be swallowed. Unbreakable materials are suggested. Avoid every noisy toys (they starle infants) and those with sharp edges.

Bathing Needs for Baby

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Bathtub, basin and rubber mat
Towels
Mild baby shampoo, baby bath, and baby soap
Cotton swabs and cotton balls
Baby oil, baby lotion and cologne
A soft-bristled hairbrush
Alcohol (70% Isopropyl) , mosquito repellant, cream (petroleum jelly), pure cornstarch powder, and nail cutter.

Ideal Clothing for Baby

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Tie side shirts
Soft, washable and comfortable fabrics
Snaps in the crotch and necklines make changing easier
Bibs should be soft, absorbent and easy to put on and take off
Diapers should be shaped disposables or cloth with clips

The Ideal Crib for Baby

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IDEAL CRIB

Slots should not be more than 2 and 3/8 inches apart to prevent the baby's head from getting stuck.
All sides of the crib should be lined with bumpers pads.
No sharp corners that could catch lose baby clothes.
A mattress that fits snugly and perfectly on the crib's bedding.
A railing 26 inches higher than the lowest level of the mattress support so that the baby cannot climb.
No cutouts designs that could catch the baby's limbs or head.
No plastic covering that may cause suffocation.

CIrcumcision

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Circumcision is oftentimes a religious tradition, but according to some medical groups, there may be some medical benefits and advantages to having your baby boy circumcised. It is believed that circumcision reduces the incidence of urinary tract infection in males.

There is a misconception that circumcision can protect nales from prostate cancer. Circumcision does not reduce the risk of cancer. And it has never been proven to affect sexual performance.

Remember that circumcision is not compulsory and parents may opt not to let their baby undergo this procedure. Circumcision doesn't make any difference in the maleness of your son.

Normal Delivery Video

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Warning : This video may not be suitable for minors.

WATER BIRTH IN TUB

Infant "ODD" Traits

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Newborn babies experience frequent colds because their breathing organs are still adjusting to their functions and environment.
Genitals may be swollen because of the maternal hormones that have passed to them. This will normalize. If the condition does not disappears, consult a pediatrician.
Long nails appears. They are soft and can be cut when the baby is sleep.
The baby is easily startled because he is sensitive to sounds, images, and touch.
Protruding umbilical cord. A newly cut umbilical cord looks like a wound that has to be cleansed gently with alcohol. Be careful when doing this to avoid bleeding. The stump (the remaining part of the cord which appears on the baby's stomach)
Crying is frequent. Crying is the only language in which a baby communicates. He cries when he's hungry, sick, or uncomfortable-in other words, when he needs care and attention.

What is SIDS?

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a mysterious condition that worries many parents. Also known as "crib death" - the baby dies in her sleep-there is still no medical explanation for it. SIDS normally occurs during normal sleeping periods and in some healthy babies too. According to some, it may be due to hampered breathing during sleep.

Below are some suggestions to reduce the risk of SIDS:

Let the baby sleep on his back. Remove any materials that may affect proper breathing.
Prevent smoking in your home. Smoke is hazardous to the health of adults, and even more harmful to babies.
Breast-feeding reduces the risk of SIDS perhaps due to the protective content of mother's milk.
Take your baby for regular check-ups to ensure his health.

image source: www.utmedicalcenter.org

How to protect your infant's skin

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1. Avoid using harsh soaps, shampoos, colognes and powders that may contain irritating chemicals. Choose those that are made especially for babies.

2. Keep the baby free from urine and feces. If the baby is wet and has feces, clean and dry him up immediately. Throw dirty diapers into appropriate containers. If a cloth (non-disposable) diaper is used, wash it immediately with mild soap.

3. The rubbing of skin to clothes exposes the infant to irritations. Let your baby wear soft and loose garments and use powder to reduce friction and keep the baby comfortable.

4. Avoid too much exposure to sunlight. Babies get sunburned easily because they lack melanin to protect their skin from the harmful rays of the sun. Although morning exposure (around 8-9am) is healthy, going beyond this will be harmful. Use a sunscreen protection but choose the brand that has no irritants. Don't apply on your baby's skin a sunscreen for adults.

Common Infant Skin Problem

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Newborn infants experience many skin problems because their thin skin is still prone to allergies and various irritants. At this stage of life, the infant's skin should be well taken care of to prevent further susceptibility to infection. Some cases may require medical attention, but others ( such as those mentioned above) are a normal part of the body's development and will recede in time. There are a number of skin problems that require immediate attention because they make your bay uncomfortable.

1. Diaper Rashes - The most common skin disorder among babies. caused by prolonged wetness and contact with feces or with cloth washed with strong detergents.

Watch Video on how to treat diaper rash click here

2. Infantile Acne - Results from maternal hormones and may disappear in due time. These pimple-like disorders are smaller in nature and may heal faster with the help of prescribed topical antibiotics.

3. Scaled Skin Syndrome - shedding of the outer skin characterized by bacterial infection. Application of gentle moisturizer to dry areas eases the discomfort.

4. Dry / Peeling Skin - Can result from a number of physiological and environmental factors. Extreme dryness especially on the forehead can be treated with the application of oil and lotion to prevent severe itching.

5. Atopic Dermatitis - Small itchy patches form on the skin. This is a genetically determined chronic disorder and may recur until adolescence.

6. Cradle Cap - Characterized by dry, scaly scalp. Daily washing of scalp with a mild shampoo and application of oil diminishes the dryness. The condition disappears with time.

What to expect in a bewborn baby's Skin

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The infant's Skin may be grayish blue or blotchy red. - The skin may peel for a few days after birth as in sunburn. The skin will shed off naturally. Don't try to peel it off because doing these so could hurt or scratch the baby's sensitive skin.

Lanugo - or dark and noticeable hair, may cover the baby's skin. It is obvious at the back, forehead, shoulders, and cheeks. This will fall off after a few weeks.

Greenish-Blue pigmentation on the lower back - this will disappear as the baby grows.

Small Pimple-like Rashes - appears on the face due to overactivity of the sweat glands.

What to expect in a bewborn

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Even before you give birth, you may already be wondering what your baby will look like. Will he inherit your face and his father's height and his grandmother's smile? You can't tell exactly until you've seen your child.

When you finally see him, you may be suprised by some things. Your baby may have some physical "odditites" and at that stage, he or she may not look very attractive. However, most of these "strange" characteristics are temporary. In fact, your health care practitioner might have already warned you about them.

List of Names for a baby girl

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GIRL’s NAME

Abigail (Herbews) Father’s Joy (Bible) One of the wives of David
Adelaide (German) Noble and serene
Adeline (English) a variant of Adelaide, other forms are Adela, Adelia, Adelle
Adrienne (Greek) rich, a feminine form of Adrian, other English forms are Adriane, Adrianne
Agatha (Greek) good, kind (Literature) Agatha Christine was a British writer of more than seventy detective novels.
Agnes (Greek) pure, other forms are Agnetha, Aggie, Agna, Agnella, Agneta
Aileen (Scottish) light bearer, (Irish) a form of Helen, other forms are Aleen, Aleena, Alyana, Alynne
Barbara (Latin) stranger, foreigner
Beatrice (Latin) blessed, happy, bringer of joy
Becky (American) a familiar for of Rebecca
Belinda (Spanish) beautiful
Benita (Spanish) blessed
Bernadette (French) brave as bear, (English) feminine form of Bernard
Camilla (Italian) a form of Camille
Camille (French) young ceremonial attendant
Caprice (Italian) fanciful
Cara (Latin) dear, (Irish) friend
Carina (Greek) a familiar form of Cora, (Italian) dear little one, (Swedish) a form of Karen
Carissa (Greek) beloved
Carmela (Hebrew) garden, vineyard (Bible) Mount Carmel in Israel is often thought of as paradise
Carmen (Latin) song
Carol (German) farmer (French) song of joy, (English) strong and womanly, other forms are Carole, Carolina, Caroline, Carolyn
Daisy (English) day’s eye, (Botany) a while and yellow flower
Danica (Herbrew, French) “God is my judge”, a feminine form of Danie
Daria (Greek) wealthy, a feminine form of Darius
Dawn (English) sunrise, dawn
Debbie (Hebrew) a short form if Deborah
Eden (Hebrew) delightful, (Bible) the earthly paradise
Edith (English) rich gift
Eleanor (Greek) light, alternate form of Helen
Elisha (Hebrew) consecrated to God, other forms are Elissa, the Baptist
Emily (Latin) Flatterer, (German) Industrious
Erica (Scandinavian) ruler of all
Fatima (Arabic) daughter of the prophet, (History) the daughter of Muhammad
Fawn (French) young deer
Florence (Latin) blooming, flowery, prosperous, (History) Florence Nightingale, a british nurse, is considered the founder of modern nursing
Frances (Latin) free, a feminine form of francis
Gabrielle (French) devoted to God, a feminine form of Gabriel
Geneva (French) junifer tree, (Geography) a city in Switzerland
Giselle (German) pledge, hostage
Gladys (Latin) small sword, (Irish) princess, (welsh) form
Grace (Latin) graceful
Hana (Japanese) flower, (Arabic) happiness
Harriet (French) ruler of the household
Hazel (English) hazelnut tree
Heidi (German) a short form of Adelaide
Helen (Greek) light
Henrietta (English) ruler of the household, a feminine form of Henry
Ida (German) hardworking
Ingrid (Scandinavian) hero’s daughter, beautiful daughter
Irene (Greek) peaceful, (Mythology) the goddess of peace
Iris (Greek) rainbow and messenger of the gods
Isabel (Spanish) consecrated to God, a form of Elizabeth
Jacklyn (American) a short form of Jacqueline
Jaimee (French) an alternate form of Jaime
Jane (Hebrew) God is gracious, a feminine form of John
Janet (English) a form of Jane
Jasmine (Persian) Jasmine Flower
Jeanette (French) a form of Jean
Jennifer (Weish) white wave, white phantom
Joanna (English) a form of Joan
Joy (Latin) joyous
Kacey, Kacy (Irish) brave
Kaela (Hebrew, Arabic) beloved sweetheart
Kali (Sanskrit) energy, black goddess
Karen (Greek) pure
Karla (Also Carla), a feminine form of Charles or Carlos
Kate (Greek) pure
Kathleen (Irish) a form of Katherine
Keisha (American) a form of Aisha
Kelly (Irish) brave warrior
Kristin (Scandinavian) an alternate of Kristen
Laila (Arabic) an alternate form of Leila
Laura (Latin) crowned with laurel
Laurie (English) a form of Laura
Leah (Hebrew) weary, (bible) wife of Jacob
Lesley (Scottish) gray fortress
Leticia (Latin) Joy
Lindsey (English) linden tree island, camp near the stream
Liza (American) short form of Elizabeth
Lorna (Latin) crowned with Laurel, an alternate form of Laura
Magdalena (Greek) high tower, (bible) Magdala was the home of Mary
Marcia (Latin) martial, warlike
Margaret (Greek) pearl, another form of Marjorie
Maria (Hebrew) bitter, sea of bitterness, (Italian, Spanish) a form of Mary, (Bible) the mother of Jesus
Marlene (Greek) high tower, (Slavic) a form of Magdalena
Martha (Aramaic) lady, sorrowful
Melissa (Greek) honeybee
Michaela (Hebrew) feminine form of Michael, (Bible) “who is like God,” other form are michelle and Mikaela
Naomi (Hebrew) pleasant, beautiful, (Bible) friend of Ruth, another form is Noemi
Natalie (Latin) born on Christmas day
Nicole (French) victorious people, afeminine form of Nicholas
Noram (Latin) rule, precept
Olga (Scandinavian) holy
Olivia (Latin) Olive Tree
Ondine (Latin) little wave
Oprah (Hebrew) runaway
Pamela (Greek) honey
Paola (Italian) small, a form of Paula
Patricia (Latin) noblewoman
Phoebe (Greek) Shining
Porsche (German) a form of Portia
Quinn (German) queen
Quintana (Latin) fifth (English) queen’s lawn
Rachel (Hebrew) female sheep, (Bible) the wife of Jacob, another form of Rochelle
Rebecca (Hebrew) tied, bound, (bible) the wife of Isaac
Regina (Latin) queen, (English) King’s advisor, a feminine form of Reginald
Rhea (Greek) brook, stream, (Mythology) mother of Zeus
Rosalinda (Spanish) fair rose
Rosanna (English) combination of Rose and Anna
Ruth (Hebrew) friendship, (Bible) friend of Naomi
Sabrina (Latin) boundary line
Samantha (Aramaic) listener (Hebrew) told by God
Sarah (Hebrew) princess, (Bible) wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac
Selena (Greek) moon (Mythology) Selene was the goddess of moon
Sheila (Latin) Blind
Sheryl (French) beloved
Sophia (Greek) wise
Stephanie (Greek) crowned, a feminine of Stephen
Suzanne (English) lily, a form of Susan
Tanya (Russian, Slavic) Fairy queen
Terl (Greek) reaper
Tess (Greek) short form of Theresa
Tiffany (Greek) God’s appearance, (Latin) trinity
Tina (Spanish, American) short of Christina
Tristen (Latin) bold a feminine form of Tristan
Ulrica (German) wolf ruler, ruler of all
Urika (Omaha) useful to everyone
Urit (Hebrew) bright
Ursula (Greek) little bear
Valencia (Spanish) strong
Valera (Russian) a form of Valerie
Valerie (Latin) strong
Vanessa (Greek) butterfly
Verna (Latin) springtime
Veronica (Latin) true image
Virginia (Latin) pure
Wendi (welsh) an alternate form of Wendy
Wendy (Welsh) white, light skinned
Whitney (English) white Island
Winona (Lakota) Oldest daughter
Xaviera (Basque) owner of the new house, a feminine form of Xavier
Xenia (Greek) hospitable
Xiang (Chinese) fragrant
Yasmin (Persian) alternate of Jasmine
Yoko (Japanese) good girl
Yolanda (Greek) violet flower
Yvette (french) a familiar form of Yvonne
Yvonne (French) young archer, (Scandinavian) yew wood, bow wood
Zarcharie (hebrew) “God remembered”
Zara (Hebrew) an alternate form of sarah
Zelene (English) sunshine

Choosing your baby’s name

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One concern of expectant mother and father is the name of their baby, Every parent would like to give his or her child a beautiful name. You can create or invent your baby’s name and nickname, or choose from thousands of names already in existence. Oftentimes before birth, parents have already prepared a list of possible names.
As a parent, your concern is not just to give your child a unique name. Remember that names are for a lifetime, so choose one that your child will comfortable with; a name that will not embarrass him when he goes to school or starts looking for a job.
If you and your partner are religious, you can choose a biblical name with a wonderful meaning, like Emmanuel for a boy (meaning “God is with us”) or Elizabeth for a girl (meaning: “
Consecrated to God”). If you’re into movies, popular culture, or history, you can combine or modify the names of your favorite actors, singers, or leaders.
It all depends on your preferences. But think and think again before giving your child a long, strange-sounding name. Take your culture and society into consideration. Definitely, you don’t want to give your child a name that your neighbors would laugh at. You also wouldn’t want a name that’s hard to spell or pronounce. And, of course, you wouldn’t want your child to have problems in school because his name, say Patrick Adams Matthew Stevens, Takes up too many lines of his pad paper. To be on the safe side, choose a classic name that your child won’t hate ( or blame you for ) when he grows up. Below is a list of interesting baby names that you can choose from. For your convenience, we have included their roots and meanings. You can make many variations and combinations!

Common Pregnancy Myths

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Here are some amusing myths that you might have heard from old folks-and maybe even believed.
• THE “UGLY” MYTH – according to popular belief, if a pregnant woman sees something ugly or scary (such as monsters or strange creatures), her baby will look the same way.
• THE “HEARTBURN” MYTH- if a pregnant woman frequently experiences heartburn, her baby will come out with a full head of hair.
• THE “JAVA” MYTH – this is similar to the ugly myth. If the baby is born with light brown birthmarks, his mother has drunk too much coffee during her pregnancy.
• THE “CURSE” MYTH – if you deny a pregnant woman something she would like to eat, you’ll get a sty on your eye.
• THE “ROPE” MYTH – if a pregnant woman steps over a rope, the baby will choke.
• THE “GREAT SEX” MYTH – you will be brought into labor if you have passionate sex on your ninth month of pregnancy.
• THE “SPOON AND FORK” MYTH – the baby’s sex can be determined by making a pregnant woman sit on a chair with either a spoon or a fork underneath it. If she sits on the one with the fork beneath, the baby is a boy, and if she sits on the chair with the spoon, the baby is a girl. In truth, however, the baby’s sex can be determined through ultrasound.
• THE “MOODY” MYTH – if a woman has constant mood swings during her pregnancy, her baby is a girl
• THE “SHAPE” MYTH - if the pregnant woman’s belly is bullet-shaped. The baby is a boy. If the stomach is round, the baby is a girl.

Getting Used to Motherhood

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As your own mother might have told you, motherhood is one of the greatest achievements a woman can have. It is a moment that allows you to celebrate life itself. Most first-time mothers, however, are not totally joyful. They are anxious because they don’t know what to expect. Don’t worry, the road to motherhood, though a little bumpy at first, will eventually be easier. As you get to know your new baby and become more familiar with the demands of being a parent, you’ll gradually become more comfortable with your new role.
However, you won’t be the only one who will cope. Your partner will share in the wonderful and challenging experience of parenthood. Together, you will ensure that you child is safe and loved. Your responsibility as parents is to provide not only the material needs of your child, but also is or her emotional needs.
Childrearing is a constant leaning experience. No one can teach you how exactly to raise your son of daughter. It is acknowledge that the most effective way to bring up a child is to first form a bond, which will serve as the foundation of the parent-child relationship. The stronger the bond is, the happier your family will be.

Physical Changes after Birth

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1.VAGINAL DISCHARGE – A certain degree of bleeding occurs after delivery. The discharge is called Lochia. It is red at first but gradually changes its color to lighter red until it becomes clear. It disappears in 4 to 6 weeks.
2.UTERINE CONTRACTIONS – A kind of a pain due to strong contractions that occurs when you’re nursing your baby because nipple stimulation releases the oxytocin hormone which causes these contractions. This is normal because after delivery, the body is returning to its normal condition, and so are uterine walls.
3.DISCOMPORT OF EPISIOTOMY – If you had an incision in your vagina, the cut may be uncomfortable for the few days leaving you always wet. Wearing sanitary pads during this time or applying prescribed ointment can soothe the pain and promote faster healing.
4.HAIR LOSS – from 3 to 6 months after birth, hair loss may occurs due to hormonal changes in your body. A mild shampoo may reduce the instance of hair loss. Do not use dye and bleaches at this time.
5.MESTRUAL PERIOD – Your menstrual period will return to normal anytime within two months after birth.
6.STRETCH MARKS – These are not permanent. Your skin will go back to normal. Recovery may be faster if you use a cream made especially to treat stretch marks.
7.URINATION – You may lose urination control after birth. To return to normal, drink plenty of fluids and do pelvic exercises

How to deal with the “Baby Blues”

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1.Be open to share your new life with your baby. Talk to your friends and relatives openly, tell them about your feelings and anxieties.
2.Seek your husband’s presence and support. Let him know if you’re feeling sad. Plan some activities with him, like dinner at your favorite restaurant or a short trip to the mall.
3.Relax. Enjoy the things you used to do before giving birth. Go out when you can. Don’t confine yourself at home.
4.Explore your life and surroundings. Talk to your neighbors to reduce boredom. Write your feelings in a journal. Read good books.

What is postpartum depression?

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About 10 to 15 percent of mothers experience depression in the few months after delivery. Postpartum depression is often called “baby blues”. It involves irritability, loneliness, helplessness, lack of interest in the baby, and even extreme anxiety. This condition is often unrecognized and the mother may attribute her emotional state to something else. Some of the reason may be life stress, unplanned pregnancy, marital unhappiness, or history of depression in general.
Postpartum depression may also be due to the lack of support from doctors and midwives. During pregnancy, a woman has turned to them for support almost entirely until delivery. After birth, her former caregivers are no longer around to assist her during physical to emotional stress.

Bonding with your baby

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Bonding is about establishing a certain line of behavior that attaches you to your newborn. Early bonding allows you to be close to him and share the intimate moments that are unique to an infant and its mother. Bonding is an essential way to start your new relationship and to nurture your infant. Bonding should be started right after birth so that the baby will become more responsive to your touch, smell, and the sound of your voice. Research shows that mother who are allowed to hold their babies right after birth are more sympathetic, reasonable, and responsive than those whose babies are immediately taken away from them.
Even though bonding with the infant is instinctive to mothers, it is also important to fathers. That’s why the attention of your partner is vital during the first few days after birth. As the father, he also has to establish a bond with the infant and give the new member of your family a sense of security and belonging. Both mother and father must help the infant adapt to his new surroundings.
Another advantage of early bonding is that it will help you recover from the stress of childbirth faster. As you become better acquainted with your infant, your health will improve and everything will gradually return to normal. In fact, most mothers say that holding and cuddling their babies after birth immediately removes their exhaustion from delivery.

Post-Natal Recovery

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After waiting for nine months, you have reached the most exciting and fulfilling event in your life-the birth of your baby. The pains of delivery have been rewarded! If you’re first-time mother, you might already have learned from your hospital assistant-and from your own mother-the new responsibilities that you’ll be facing.
But perhaps your first impulse is to hold your newborn. You may feel shocked at the first but later on, the feeling will subside especially when you begin to spend quite days with your baby and of course with the father. It’s important to explore your baby and enjoy your first moment with him. You will discover that your baby is very responsive to this new environment. However, he also feels a greater need for the comfort and protection of the womb, that’s why you have to give him the greatest amount of care.

What to expect right after Birth

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After birth, some common procedures are administered while you’re still in the delivery room. They are
•The Umbilical Cord is Cut
•The midwife suctions the mucus from baby’s nose and mouth to allow breathing
•The baby’s condition is checked through Apgar testing (this is quick assessment of the baby’s color, hearth rate, reflex, muscle tone, and respiratory effort. The test is done twice: one minute and five minutes after birth.)
•The baby is placed in your arms
•The baby is weighed, its reflexes and footprints are checked, and its head circumference is measured.
•The baby is wrapped in soft linen (cotton blankets)

GETTING PREGNANT

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Planning your Pregnancy - If you're planning to have a child, you probably feel excited and a little nervous. Motherhood will bring some dramatic and wonderful changes in your life. Pregnancy is both difficult and rewarding, and having a safe pregnancy and birth requires preparation even before you actually conceive. There are some ways to prepare for pregnancy, like visiting a physicians (obstetrician-gynecologist) who will do an overall check-up to determine your health as well as your partner's. Your doctor will tell you whether you should lose or need to gain weight, improve your diet, quit smoking, stop taking birth control pills or other over-the-counter drugs. Basically, your doctor will inform you of the best way to conceive and to bring a healthy child into the world.

Check your health

Have an overall physical check-up. A thorough physical and medical examination is essential in preparing yourself for pregnancy. Even if you feel fine about your body, you still have to see a doctor. He can catch a health problem that you might not be aware of. Your partner should also have a physical examination to make sure that he does not have any condition that could affect sperm production. Having you and your partner tested for STD (sexually transmitted disease) would free your future child from any defects. Getting immunization for measles, tetanus and other diseases is also necessary to prevent you from passing on any such disease to your baby. If there are genetic problems in your or your partner's family, have a genetic screening to reduce the risk of abnormality in your child.
Consult your OB-GYNE. an obstetrician-gynecologist is a physician who specializes in women's reproductive health and provides expert care during pregnancy and birth. If you plan to conceive, a full examination by your obstetrician is a wise move. Have a breast check-up, blood test, and Pap smear. Tell your OB-gyne if you are experiencing any menstrual irregularity. She will know the right medication for you.
See your dentist. The hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy may affect even your teeth and gums. Going to the dentist for a check-up and cleaning in one way to ensure a problem-free pregnancy. if you need to have a tooth extracted, do it now-not when you're already pregnant.
Be in your best shape. Regular exercise can make your physical fit. It is wise to get into a fitness program that suits your physical needs so that you won't have any health problems when you're already pregnant. Don't take risk with an unplanned exercise program. If you're underweight, consult your doctor on a fitness routine that is best for you. If you're overweight, don't take drastic measures in dieting for it may be harmful to your health. Have a balanced diet, one that is recommended by your doctor and is the best for your conditions.
Monitor your food and fluid intake. When planning to conceive, be careful in taking foods and liquids. Drinking clean water keeps you healthy while reducing the risk of miscarriage or birth defects. It has been reported that ordinary tap water may be harmful to your baby, so drink only boiled, bottled, or purified water. Don't skip meals. Eat nutritious food every day. Remember that junk food will not give the vitamins and minerals that you and your future baby will need. Wash fruits and vegetables before eating or cooking them and remove any trace of harmful chemicals. Most of all, take vitamins and minerals that will enhance your fertility and protect you and your baby's health. It is known that at least 0.4 mg of folic acid (or folate) in your food supplements will help you have a safe pregnancy. If you need advice concerning a proper diet, consult a doctor or nutritionist.

Check your activities

Stop Smoking. If you're a smoker and you plan to conceive soon, throw away those cigarettes now. It is known that the babies of smoking mothers tend to have respiratory problems that may be fatal. Also, if a pregnant woman continues to smoke, chances are that her baby will be born too small or too early due to reduced oxygen supply to the fetus. Smoking may be hard habit to break and quitting may cause you to experience withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety and irritability. However, in the long run, a nicotine-free lifestyle will be beneficial to you and your child.
Avoid Alcoholics Drinks. It is not true that a small amount of alcohol is alright if taken before or during your pregnancy. Even a glass of beer may harm the baby inside you. Alcohol is believed to cause birth damage including mental retardation. Take the necessary precautions and learn more about the risk and danger of drinking alcohol during pregnancy.
Don't Take Illegal Drugs. Illegal or street drugs are substances used for recreation to achieve an altered state of emotion or consciousness. Any substance, even over-the-counter drugs, can be illegal if misused. Some of the most common illegal substances are marijuana, cocaine, heroin, shabu and Ecstacy. Any of these can alter the natural development of the fetus and cause complications in pregnancy and birth. Thus, it is always better not to take risks.
X-Ray is Harmful. It is during the first three days of conception right after the missed menstrual period that fetal organs are developing. The first three months of pregnancy is the most critical period when most birth defects can occur. That's why any toxic material, chemical, or substance can put your pregnancy at risk. So before having an X-ray, consult your health practitioner. Do not have an X-ray if you suspect that you're already pregnant.
Lessen or Eliminate your caffeine Intake. Caffeine is a strong stimulant that may interfere with conception. Women who consume a lot of coffee, tea and carbonated beverages have a greater risk of suffering a miscarriage. Thus, it is better to reduce caffeine consumption before and during the first three months of pregnancy. Three cups of coffee might be a part of your daily diet. But this has to change if you intend to get pregnant. You may "cheat" caffeine out of your system by drinking decaffeinated coffee or herbal tea instead.
Take Prescribed Medicines Only. Taking medicines other than those prescribed by your doctor may harm your health and affects your ovulation, and consequently ruin your chance of having a safe and healthy pregnancy. If you're feeling unwell and you need medication, consult your doctor first.

HOW TO KNOW IF YOU'RE PREGNANT

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To know if you're pregnant, pay attention to the symptoms given by your body. Even women who have given birth many times sometimes "misread" the physical signs of pregnancy. It is therefore important to be conscious of one's menstrual cycle. The cycle of an egg cell from the ovary. After the egg leaves the ovary, it spends a couple of days in the fallopian tube until it reaches your womb or uterus. Ovulation happens once a month, and it helps to be able to calculate it. Normally, ovulation occurs 14 days before the first day of your monthly period. For healthy women, the cycle is 28 days. So your next ovulation will occur 14 days after the first day of your previous menstrual period. Pregnancy occurs only if the egg is fertilized within 24 hours from its release. Fertilization only happens if you had sexual intercourse and your partner's sperm is normal enough to fertilize the egg. Thus, for couples who plan to have a child, the "rhythm" method may be useful because it tells them the best time to conceive. It is also useful for couples who are limiting the number of children.

Common Signs if Pregnancy

Missed Period. The most common sign of pregnancy is a missed menstrual period. When this occurs, women often conclude that they are pregnant. But in some cases this also may be caused by physical illness, anxiety, and emotional shock. Normally within two weeks of fertilization, you will no longer expect your menstrual period for the next cycle.
Cravings for Food. Even before you miss a period, you may experience drastic changes in your appetite. It's normal to crave different kinds of food but try to eat nutritious ones to ensure good health for you and your baby.
Frequent Urination. In the early stages of pregnancy. The uterus begins to swell, pressing the bladder downward and causing you to make frequent trips to the bathroom. Pregnant women experience frequent expulsion of small amount of urine. This is normal and must be tolerated. If it's making you uncomfortable, you may use sanitary pads or adult diapers that can absorb the expelled urine.
Nausea. This refers to the feelings of impulsive and involuntary vomiting usually occurring in the early part of the day (that's why it is also called "morning sickness"). Actually, it may felt any time of the day because the increased levels of hormones circulating in the blood can have an irritant effect on the lining of the stomach, thus causing nausea. However, this kind of discomfort will disappear once you're past the first stage of pregnancy. You can cope with nausea by eating slightly salted biscuits and avoiding acidic foods and drinks that may upset your stomach.
Restlessness, Fatigue, and Dizziness. It is normal to feel uneasy and tired, especially during the early stage of pregnancy, as your body is coping with the change. You will also feel sleepy perhaps due to the increased level of hormones in the blood, which has a tranquilizing effect. The hormone progesterone, which is related to pregnancy, is believed to have a hypnotic effect.
Increased Vaginal Discharge. The discharge that you normally experience when you're not pregnant may increase substantially, once you conceive. It is often thin, odorless, and white. It may require you to use panty liners and change them often. If your discharge has a different color and a foul odor consult your gynecologist.
Tender Breasts. Progesterone plays another important role in pregnancy. Due to the stimulation of this hormone, your breasts will enlarge and your nipples will feel sore and sensitive ( the same feelings you experience a few days before your menstrual period). Hence, they will become bigger, tender, and darker. Some veins running through may be visible because of the swelling.

Confirming your Pregnancy

Identifying the symptoms of pregnancy is not enough. Of course, you want someone (or something) to prove that you're really pregnant. If you're eager to confirm but you can't go to the doctor yet, you could do a home pregnancy test. Home kits as well as laboratory urine tests can give instant results. If you opted for these tests but remain doubtful, you could go to a clinic and have the test done by a health care practitioner.

Home Tests. Home kits are possible the easiest and quickest way to determine pregnancy. These are sold at drug stores and are basically simplified chemistry tests. They are designed to detect the presence of the pregnancy hormone called human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG, the hormone produced by the developing placenta) in urine. The hormone hCG is mostly concentrated in the urine that is discharged upon waking up in the morning. This is the best time to use the test. Put a few drops of urine on the device (depending on the instructions provided in the kit) and wait for atleast three minutes for the result. Home kits can determine pregnancy two days after your missed period. Depending on the brand, and handle may show one bar (which means negative) or two bars (positive), or may display a change in color. For your convenience, always pick the brand that gives quick, easy-to-follow instructions
Urine Tests. This is similar to the procedure of urinalysis. You put a sample of your first urine in the morning in a clean and tightly closed container and bring it to the laboratory for medical technologists to test for positive pregnancy. A negative result for the first try may not mean that you're not pregnant. Don't hesitate to repeat the test in six of seven days. Laboratory urine and home kit tests are usually 90% reliable.
Blood Tests. These tests check for hCG presence in the blood. This can be done through the positive-negative test and the quantitative type which measures the actual hCG amount in your blood.

ESTIMATING YOUR BABY'S BIRTH

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At the onset of pregnancy, you will most likely be excited as you ponder the moment of your baby's arrival. This could be the greatest miracle you could ever experience-bearing a child in your womb. However, not all women have once and the same reaction to pregnancy. Some may feel both joy and anxiety because having a child, though a unique experience, also brings about considerable changes ( and a lot of pressure) in a woman's life. Remember that feelings of doubt, fear and depression during the early stages of pregnancy are normal due to hormonal changes. If you and your partner are ready to have a child, don't let those feelings dominate you. Instead, think of your unborn child as a great gift and of motherhood as one of the best opportunities to prove your worth as a human being. It would help to surround yourself with family members and friends who can provide the support that you need, be it emotional, financial, or physical. Reading useful materials and staying healthy will also help you prepare for your baby's arrival. Knowing your date of delivery ( and being psychologically and physically prepared for it) will make your pregnancy more manageable.

How long will your pregnancy last?

A normal pregnancy usually last for 266 days from the moment of fertilization (which is actually difficult to pinpoint). Your pregnancy could be as short as 240 days or as long as 300 days, but the best average is 280 days, which is equivalent to 40 weeks. The exact delivery date cannot be determined. Most women deliver three weeks earlier or two weeks later than the target date. You can estimate your due date by counting from the first day of your last menstrual period, not the day of fertilization. You should also consider certain factors such as age, weight, race, number of previous children,
medical/nutritional history, and normality of menstrual cycle.

Calculating the EDD (estimated due date). Here's a simple way to find you EDD (again, remember there is no accurate date; we say "estimated" because we can target only the most probable date). If you have a regular 28-day menstrual cycle, note the first day of your last period then add 7 days. Then count back 3 months. If your last period started on August 1, your estimated delivery date (if you count 3 months backward and add 7 days) is may 8 of the following year. Remember that this is only an estimation and much will depend on the regularity of your menstrual period. If your period is inconsistent, consult your OB-gyne.
Listening to the fetal heart. A health care practitioner may help you determine your due date by listening to the sound of the baby's heartbeat. The heartbeat can be detected at about 18 to 20 weeks of pregnancy with the use of a stethoscope or a Droppler device. The heart becomes clearly discernible through the Droppler device when the fetus is around 10 to 12 weeks old. Take note that the fetal heart can usually be seen at around 6 weeks so the probable dates suggested here are the most appropriate time to estimate the fetal heart.
Using Ultrasound. This is the most popular way to determine the due date and to give the parents an initial view of their baby. If you're not confident in the EDD, the doctor can do an ultrasound to investigate fetal development and growth without the harm of x-rays. The ultrasound estimates the age and size of the fetus by measuring the circumference of its head. An image of the fetus can be detected by a quartz crystal with high-frequency sound waves. The device is placed on the pregnant woman's abdomen and waves are beamed toward the fetus. The ultrasound can depict soft tissues in details; it provides a good picture of the growing fetus inside the womb.

THE FIRST STAGE OF PREGNANCY

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The enjoyment of the first three months -In the fertilization process, the egg and the sperm meet and combine as a single cell. This cell is called a zygote, which develops in the Fallopian tube. the single-celled zygote the breaks into multiple cell now called blastocyst, which travels down the fallopian tube going to the uterus. An implantation occurs when the blastocyst attaches to the blood-rich lining of the uterus. During the first eight weeks of development part of the blastocyst grows to become the embryo while another part becomes the placenta. The placenta supports the life of the embryo by transmitting essential substances such as oxygen and nutrients to it, and carrying the waste from it. During the first three months, the placenta produces pregnancy hormones that enable the mother to maintain her pregnancy, keep her reproductive system healthy, and prepare her for lactation. After eight weeks, the embryo's major organs are already formed and it is now referred to as the fetus. In the uterus, the fetus is covered with a clear fluid-filled bag called the amniotic sac. The baby floats in the amniotic fluid and is attached to the placenta by the umbilical cord

Fetal Development (1st trimester)

First Month - The embryo can be seen by the naked eye. The spinal column, as well as the spinal cord and foundations of the brain begin to appear. The embryo's average length is 3/4 to 1 inch. The hearth starts beating on the 25th day.
Second Month - The spine can move. All the internal organs of the body are in place. The joints of the shoulders, elbows, hips and knees become obvious. At this stage of development, genital organs are quite visible and the fetus has a fish-like appearance. Desirable length is 1 inch.
Third Month - Face and eyes are already distinguishable; the eyelids are closed. There are more limb movements due to the formation of the body muscles that coordinate with the brain. The fingers, fingernails, and toes are fully formed. Now the baby can swallow. It takes in the amniotic fluid, which is also a reason for the sucking motion of the mouth. Average lenght and weight: 3 inches and 5/8 ounces.

Your condition at this stage

Preventing a miscarriage - A miscarriage could happen anytime during the early stages of pregnancy due to several factors. Bleeding accompanied by abdominal cramps is often a sign of miscarriage. It is important to always consult your practitioner if this happens to determine the cause of your bleeding, whether it is heavy of light. A miscarriage is often mistaken as regular menstruation, so be careful and always be attentive to physical signals. A chromosomal abnormality in the embryo causes miscarriage and an ultrasound and some pathological examinations may be done to detect its cause. Half of the time, there may be no sign of miscarriage but it still wise to have your practitioner check your condition regularly so she can advice you on how prevent it.
Dealing with ectopic pregnancy - If you experience dizziness, abdominal pain and bleeding, changes are that you could be having an ectopic pregnancy. It is an abdominal type of pregnancy in which the implantation of the fertilized egg occurs outside the uterus or womb. It may be either in the cervix, ovary, or fallopian tubes. An ultrasound can help to detect this abnormality early in your pregnancy. Be aware that an ectopic pregnancy may harm your health. The embryo formed outside your uterus cannot be moved inside any longer, so it is best to seek medical care as soon as you notice any unusual symptoms.

THE SECOND STAGE OF PREGNANCY

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2. The heaviness of the second three months -
This is called the second trimester, which covers between the 14th to the 26th week of gestation. By this time, you can greatly feel the development of the fetus as your abdomen is already protruded and heavy. Although your abdomen is getting heavier, you'll find your pregnancy easier because the discomfort you initially felt (such as morning sickness) is now disappearing.

FETAL DEVELOPMENT (Second Trimester)

Fourth Month - The fetus begins to develop his muscles together with the limbs and joints. There is vigorous movement inside the womb but this is hardly felt yet by the mother. Lanugo (fine hair) grows all over the fetus' body. Eyebrows and eyelashes begin to grow. Baby's ideal lenght and weight: 6 inches, 4-3/4 ounces.
Fifth Month - There are already hairs on the head. Teeth are forming fast on the jawbone. By now vigorous movement of the fetus can be felt. External sex organs are also visible. The baby sleeps and swallows. The baby's length is now 10 inches and its weight is 12 ounces.
Sixth Months - The fetus still looks thin. However, it is beginning to suck its thumbs and is now able to cough. Ideal lengh and weight: 13 inches and 1-2 pounds (lb). The eyes begin to open. Fingerprints and footprints are also developing.

Your Condition At This Stage

Unwanted hairs and different nails - Pregnancy speeds up hair growth. You will notice that at this stage, unwanted hairs begin to grow in unusual places such as your face and stomach. These may be removed or shaved but normally they just disappear after you have given birth. Your fingernails and toenails may become either brittle ( in which case you should be extra careful with your hands) or strong and shiny. They will return to normal after birth.
Heartburn - A common discomfort experienced by pregnant women is heartburn - the sensation felt when stomach acid level rises into the esophagus. This happens because the high level of progesterone you produce slows down digestion, thus hampering the movement of stomach acids.
Forgetfulness - Some believe that when a woman is experiencing a baby, she tends to become forgetful and clumsy. This is a natural result of the hormonal changes brought about by pregnancy. It certainly doesn't imply abnormality or retardation.
Skin Changes - Discoloration, pimples, and other skin changes are due to hormonal influences on the skin pigment cells. Discoloration often affects women who are relatively dark. There is darkening on the part of the face which is called chloasma or "mask of pregnancy" because it looks like a shade that masks your cheecks under the eyes. Chloasma is light brown and may be even darker if you're always exposed to sunlight. You may also notice increased pigmentation around your nipples. The more common is the linea nigra, a brownish line going down from navel to pubic bone. Dark-skinned women develop this line more often than fair-skinned ones do. Another common skin changes are stretch marks due to the expansion of your skin on the abdomen. These lines recede after pregnancy. However, some women find it hard to remove stretch marks when the skin has been wrinkled after birth. Nowadays, there are lotions made especially to minimize the appearance of stretch marks. These can be applied on the skin during and after pregnancy.

THE THIRD STAGE OF PREGNANCY

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3. The excitement of the final three months - This is the stage when you are most excited because the date of your delivery is near. At the final three months of your pregnancy, the baby is fully developed and ready to emerge into the world. You’re already accustomed to your heavily belly. You have to take as much care as you did during the first and second trimester.

FETAL DEVELOPMENT (3^rd Trimester)

Seventh Month – Fat stores are accumulating and the body is covered in thick grease (vernix), which prevents the skin from becoming soggy from immersion in the amniotic fluid. The head is already proportioned to the size of the body. The baby can now breathe and see. Its eyes are already open. Approximate length is 14 ½ inches and weight is 2 lbs.
Eight Month – Now the baby lies with its head towards your pelvis. The face is now smooth. The baby is also much stronger and can make even more vigorous movement, which the mother can easily feel. Ideal length is 16 inches and weight, 3-1/2 lbs.
Ninth Month – Your baby moves to fill the uterus and is now positioned for birth. The head descends toward the pelvis. Fingernails and toenails are soft and hair can be 1-2 inches long. Ideal weight is 5 lbs while the length is 18 inches. By now you can feel a leakage of amniotic fluid and contractions of the cervix. The baby’s hand and feet cause jabs and fetal activity is inconsistent as the fetus takes longer naps and longer active cycles. Average length is 18 inches and weight is 5 ½ lbs.

YOUR CONDITION AT THIS STAGE

Edema (Swelling) – Swelling of the hands and legs is common at the final stage of pregnancy. This occurs especially when the weather is warm and fluid settles on your legs and feet. There is no proof that lowering your intake of salty and junk food can prevent edema. To be safer, though, drink lots of fluids to wash out the salt substances in your body and avoid staying in one position for a long time. Elevating your feet and doing some exercises, even if it’s just walking, can reduce the swelling.
Shortness of breath – During this period the uterus is so enlarged that it presses upward on your diaphragm, making less room for your lungs. Because of this, you experience shortness of breath. But if you feel more than that, you may have other lung complications that only your doctor can detect. Another possible reason is that progesterone is affecting your respiratory system.
Insomnia – Insomnia or difficulty in sleeping usually occurs during this final stage of pregnancy. Talk to your doctor about it to make sure that there is now serious medical cause. To cope with sleeplessness, try the following tips:

Drink warm milk; it induces sleep
Take a short warm bath to relax your muscles
Do some simple exercises
Read good book or magazine
Use comfortable pillows and beddings
Put yourself in a comfortable position
Avoid drinking soft drinks, coffee, or tea.

Hemorrhoids – Hemorrhoids are dilated, swollen veins around your rectum and are usually related to constipation. Progesterone causes the veins to swell, and constipation makes it even worse. This is due to the pressing of the bowels that puts pressure on the veins. If your bowel movement is not smooth, the veins in your rectum are likely to stretch, making it more difficult to move your bowels. If the pressure is strong, pain and bleeding may be experienced. Constipation doesn’t harm your pregnancy, but for your own comfort have a nutritious, fiber-rich diet that can ease your bowel movement.

WORKING WHILE PREGNANT

2007-09-20T11:55:00.000-07:00

Contrary to what others may think, a pregnant woman can still work unless the nature of the job requires strenuous activity and exposure to harmful chemicals. If you’re employed in an office and your pregnancy is not sensitive, you can continue reporting for duty until your third trimester. Some brave women still work a few weeks before their expected date of delivery! However, not all women have the same attitudes and physical capacities. If you’re sickly and your pregnancy requires special care, you can take a leave of absence. Pregnant women are entitled by law to maternity leave benefits, but you have to inform your employer in advance when you plan to go on leave and when you plan to return to work. Most women take a leave when they have reached the 8^th or 9^th month of their pregnancy. But everything depends on your physical capability to continue working until the third trimester. Working can also be considered as a form of exercise, which is necessary during pregnancy. Most pregnant women keep up their usual activities like driving (if the belly doesn’t touch the steering wheel yet), typing, writing, etc. However, you will have to make certain adjustment in your schedule. If you often feel tired, don’t force yourself to work because that would cause unnecessary pressure on yourself and on your baby. If you often feel sleepy particularly in the early afternoon, take a catnap. The best way to cope with work throughout your pregnancy is to set your priorities. If the pressure is too much, make arrangements with your employer so that some of your work can be delegated to others and your schedule will be lighter until you have given birth. After delivery, you can take comfort in the fact that you have a job to return to. However, your feeling may be affected by the fear of being away from your newborn during working hours. Again, you’ll have to make the necessary adjustments. If you are breastfeeding, you might have a hard time coping with both work and home. Remember that it is important for you to establish a bond with your child as soon as he or she is born. Even if you decide to return to work, try to spend quality time with your infant because at that stage he needs your constant attention and presence. Although your baby cannot speak, he will communicate his needs to you by crying or reaching out his hand. In deciding when you are going to return to work, be fair and practical, your new role may affect your outlook in life. If you choose to work because you have a rewarding job, good for you! As long as you manage your time well, working will have long-term effects that will ultimately benefit your family. One is career advancement, second is the ability to grow intellectually and to tend off boredom, and third is financial stability. If you live in an underdeveloped country, working is the best way to provide the needs of your family and to give your child a good future.

· ADVANTAGE OF WORKING

o Career advancement

o Increased independence

o Financial rewards

o Intellectual growth

o Maintained social profile

· DISADVANTAGE OF WORKING

o Fatigue

o Worries about your new born

o Feeling of guilt and negligence

o Pressure in doing multiple roles

· TIPS FOR THE PREGNANT CAREER WOMAN

o Take your time – Don’t rush, pressuring yourself will only cause unnecessary anxiety.

o Sit Comfortably – Put your legs up to reduce the pressure of carrying a heavy abdomen

o Squat from time to time – Whenever you have the chance to squat, do so because it will be helpful during your labor. It strengthens the tights and prepares you for a squatting position when you deliver your baby.

o Be careful – if you take the stairs in your office, don’t move briskly. Take a slow step so that you won’t slip or tire easily.

PROTECTING THE FETUS

2007-09-20T11:50:00.000-07:00

The first months of pregnancy is the stage when you often feel tired and restless. Although the baby inside your womb is still small, your hormones are increasing to the extent that your body finds it hard to cope. Later in the second trimester, when your body has adapted to your changing metabolism, you can regain your usual energy and agility. Toward the last few weeks of your pregnancy, you will feel the symptoms of tiredness again. This is because your growing baby is getting a lot of nutrients from you. Try to rest as often as possible. Set aside your less important tasks. If you need to lie down do not hesitate to do so. Remember that your baby’s comfort depends on your comfort. An adequate amount of sleep averaging eight hours a day is essential, but you may have difficulty sleeping even if you feel tired. In such case, you may be suffering from insomnia, the inability to sleep. One probable cause of insomnia is the baby’s metabolism. Remember that your baby is developing into a full human being. HE requires a lot of energy from you, which he will be using once he’s born. Important substances including food and oxygen are needed by your baby. If you don’t take care of your health, your infant will lose those much needed substances and he will become malnourished, that’s why sleep is required. If you’re having difficulty sleeping, follow the tips mentioned.

COMFORTABLE POSITION WHILE PREGNANT

1. Lie on one side of your body – with your upper leg and arm bent. Support your arms and legs with pillows

2. Put your legs up – Lie on your back, bending your legs and resting your feet on the wall. Straighten your legs until your thighs touch the wall. Your head and back should be supported by pillows.

3. Legs apart – Sit on the floor with your legs apart. Straighten your back and shoulder to strengthen your backbone. Flex your feet and stretch legs and thighs.

4. Sit up straight – This helps to strengthen your back and spine. You can also place a small pillow on your lower back for support. You can also put your feet up on the same level as your hips. You can do this while working or reading.

SIMPLE PRE-NATAL EXERCISES

Pelvic Tilt – Helps strengthen abdominal muscles and relieve backache
Hips and trunks – A twisting and circling exercise of the trunk; loosens the trunk area
Leg Stretches – Since the legs bear much of the body’s weight during pregnancy, it helps to stretch the legs to ensure normal blood circulation and extra comfort during labor.
Feet and ankles – Pregnancy hormones relax the walls of veins, which slow the blood flow to the heart and cause varicose veins, swollen ankles and legs. Circling motions while keeping legs straight stimulates blood circulation in the legs and relieves tired muscles. This is helpful for pregnant women whose jobs require long hours of sitting or standing.

COMMON POST-NATAL EXERCISES

Curl-ups – lie on the floor with knees and feet bent. Press your back to the floor
Diagonal Reaches – Tighten your stomach muscles before you reach over, and relax them between reaches
Leg Lifts – This help to tone and tights. Keep the legs stiff and the knees soft while leaning over your hands for support and balance
Cat Stretches – Imitate a stretching cat by arching your spine toward the ceiling
Bending and stretching – Bending sideways by keeping your legs apart while standing is a good tone-up for your muscles and nerves. Keep your hips steady, facing forward and putting your feet flat on the floor. Breathe in as you bend.

Why Pregnant Women gain Weight?

2007-09-20T11:45:00.000-07:00

During pregnancy, the fetus, uterus, placenta, and increased bodily fluids add to your body weight. Your body also has to store fats and other nutrients needed by your growing baby. The weight gained by women varies at different stages of pregnancy. The most rapid increase-approximately 9-13 kg. (20 to 30 lbs) occurs in the final three months of pregnancy. It cannot be overemphasized that while the baby inside your womb is growing. It is advisable to stay healthy and fit. It is preferable to eat a well-balanced diet so your body can get all the essential nutrients for energy absorption needed you and your baby.

Nutrition During Pregnancy

2007-09-20T11:30:00.000-07:00

The survival of your baby depends wholly on your well-being. Through the placenta, all the essential substances including food and oxygen are transferred to the fetus. Hence, your baby is affected by anything that happens to you. Caring for yourself by having a nutritious diet, adequate exercise, and feeding your mind with positive thoughts would result in a problem-free pregnancy and a healthy baby. By the fourth month of pregnancy, you appetite will increase noticeably. You may be feeling hungry all the time because of the increased metabolism of you and your baby. However, being pregnant is not an excuse to overeat. As your doctor might have told you, gaining too much weight may cause complications such as high-blood pressure and a difficult delivery. You still have to watch your weight even as you ensure that you and your baby are getting sufficient nutrition. An average of 500 additional calories a day will be enough. Remember that you cannot eat everything that comes to mind. Taking several small and nutritious meals throughout the day is more advisable than having just one high-calorie meal. As the baby in your womb grows, some parts of your digestive system are pressed, making it difficult for the system to function as efficiently as when your belly is still empty. Hence, eating more than the average amount is not healthy. To facilitate digestion, just take light meals or snacks (but no junk food!) when you get hungry.

Foods to Avoid – Foods that are less cooked and half-raw contain the highest nutritional value. Eat fresh fruits and don’t overcook vegetables. Make sure, though, that they are properly washed first to remove dirt that may contain harmful bacteria. Avoid eating foods high in additives and preservatives and mixed with food coloring. These contain chemical substances that are not good for your health. Lower your sugar intake, especially if you have diabetes. Avoid love calories drinks; they may contain harmful additives. Fresh fruits drinks are best. High-acid drinks like coffee, and cola affect the digestive system. They also contain caffeine, which is not good for you and your baby’s health. Some food like raw eggs, meat and certain kinds of cheese may contain dangerous bacteria. Half-cooked meat may contain parasite-like toxoplasma, which may contain dangerous to your baby. Meat and eggs should be cooked well.

Special Nutritional Requirements

FOLATE – A member of the vitamin B family, folate is essential to the formation of red blood cells. Research has shown that taking a high amount of folate reduces the risk of birth defects in the brain and spine. Neural birth defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly can be prevented if the proper amount of folate is present in your diet. AS mentioned, folate can be found in green leafy vegetables, liver and beans.
IRON – Extra iron means more hemoglobin, which can increase the number of red blood cells. The more hemoglobin your blood contains, the more oxygen your baby will receive through the placenta. Iron-deficient women often suffer anemia which causes tiredness, fainting, and paleness. Thus, iron deficiency during pregnancy may put the baby at risk. If you cannot get sufficient iron from foods, ask your doctor to prescribe an iron supplement tablet.
CALCIUM – This is essential for building string, healthy bones and teeth. Drink high-calcium milk (although any kind of milk contains calcium) and eat more dairy products (such as cheese) to prevent bone loss and reduce the likelihood of osteoporosis as you get older.
FIBERS and FLUIDS - as pregnancy takes its course, some women may complain about constipation. To ensure good digestion and smooth bowel movement, take a high-fiber diet and drink plenty of fluids. Vegetables and fruit drinks contain fibers that sweep away wastes from the digestive system.

A balanced diet is one that is rich in vitamins and minerals but low in fat. Some of the best sources of essential nutrients are:

Meat, fish, eggs, bean curd, and nuts. These are rich in proteins
Dairy products. These include milk and milk products such as cheese, butter, yogurt, etc.
Grains and cereals. Such as rice, corn, pasta, bread, wheat, barley, etc.
Fruits. These are better when fresh or frozen. Canned fruits in heavy syrup is not recommended because it contains more sugar and calories
Vegetables. Fresh and frozen are recommended. Do not overcook because that may reduce the nutritional value.
Water should be purified, distilled, or boiled to reduce the presence of amoeba and certain bacteria.

SEX DURING PREGNANCY

2007-09-20T11:23:00.000-07:00

Is sex allowed during pregnancy? This is one of the common questions asked by couples who are expecting a baby. The nine-month period seems too long to bear. As the pregnant woman’s body adapts to the hormonal changes occurring during those months, she also has to make some adjustments in her schedule. Sex is oftentimes set aside due to these adjustment and perhaps also due to the fear of hurting the baby inside. However, there is no truth to the popular belief that sex during pregnancy is harmful to the fetus. In fact, sex is even more important as it strengthens the emotional bond between the couple. Orgasm is also good for your body as it exercises the uterine muscles, which you will be using when you finally give birth. During pregnancy, many parts of the woman’s body-including the breasts, nipples and genital areas-become very sensitive. All the sexual organs become more easily aroused than before pregnancy occurred. Aside from those factors, another advantage of sex during pregnancy is that there is no need to use contraceptives or birth control methods. However in some women, there may be a loss of libido (sexual excitement) due to feelings of sickness and tiredness. Because of increased hormonal activity particularly during the first trimester, some pregnant women may lack interest in making love.

ANXIETIES IN SEX

Harming the fetus – Some couples are afraid to engage in sex believing that they will hurt the fetus and infect the passage. Intercourse does not infect, harm nor crush the baby because it is protected by a closed cervix and is by a bag of amniotic fluid.
Miscarriage may occur – Some women also fear that having sex during pregnancy would result in a miscarriage. Such fear is unfounded, unless your pregnancy is sensitive and your doctor has advice you to refrain from sexual activity for some time. Once the baby is firmly attached to the uterus, and as long as sex is not too strenuous, there is no cause for a miscarriage.
Guilt – Some couples think that their increased sex drive can cause their future child to have abnormal behavior. They fear that such abnormality would be a punishment for their sexual activity. There is no scientific proof for this, and such fears probably stem simply from superstition
Third Party – Some couples feel awkward to have sex during pregnancy because they feel as if the fetus was watching. Suck anxiety could be eased by thinking that the baby is unaware of what you’re doing even though it may react to the mother’s movement.
Bleeding may occur – During pregnancy; the cervix (the entrance to the uterus) is softer than usual and is sensitive to pressure. That’s why in the first three months of pregnancy, bleeding may occur if deep thrusting reaches the cervix. To avoid bleeding, shallow penetration is suggested during sex. If bleeding occurs, consult your physician because there might be problems that could put your pregnancy at risk.

Changing body image affects your view of sex

2007-09-20T11:15:00.000-07:00

Physical appearance may have s strong impact on the mindset of a pregnant woman. Once you discover that you are pregnant, you gradually see the changes in your body, especially your shape. When you look at your reflection in the mirror, you see a different you. At first it may difficult for you to accept your new image. Thus, you may lose confidence in yourself and you’ll doubt your capacity to attract your partner. Because you’re gaining weight and the shape of your body is changing, you may feel that you are no longer sexually attractive. The thought of being unattractive results in poor self-esteem. Many women have been conditioned to think that if they are fat, then they are disgusting. The added weight due to your pregnancy may sometimes make you feel undesirable; therefore you have the irrational fear of being left by your partner. This makes you desperate to please your partner. But you really have no reason to worry. Getting rid of negative thoughts and being optimistic instead will reduce your anxiety. Always appreciate the beauty in you even if you don’t fit into your favorite slinky dress. Don’t worry, this state is temporary. After you’ve given birth, you can regain your old figure if you have the discipline to do regular exercises and maintain a strict diet. For now, remember that you will become a mother. That makes you beautiful in your own way. And even if you feel unattractive, your probably partner loves you more because you’re carrying his child. So when you look at your reflection in the mirror, don’t feel guilty or anxious. Look at your full figure not as a problem but as a blessing because it reflects motherhood, the most wonderful gift you can receive in your whole life.

POSITION IN LOVEMAKING

2007-09-20T11:14:00.000-07:00

Side position – Either front to back or front to front. This position puts no pressure on the woman’s belly. It is convenient throughout one’s pregnancy and both partners can easily reach each other’s body part. It is similar to the “spoons” position in which the man holds the woman from behind.

Woman-on-top position – can be a sitting or lying position for the man. Either way, this position is more convenient especially for the woman because she can control the depth of penetration.

Back position – The woman is partly lying while the man is behind her. Similar to man-to-top but the woman has her back to her partner. This way most of the man’s weight is off her.

Remember that your enlarged abdomen may make sex difficult and unpleasant for both of you. But applying other position and being creative in sex may fulfill your sexual needs and help strengthen your bond as you get ready for shared parenting.

THE PRESSURE OF LABOR

2007-09-20T11:11:00.000-07:00

Labor marks the culmination of your pregnancy. This is moment you have waited for-and you are prepared for the pain and pressure that comes with it. You have every reason to be anxious as well as excited. Yes, you’re going to see your baby soon! The little human being the you will bring into the world will share your life’s joy, and you’re willing to take any risk for him. Labor is divided into three stages. The pre-labor stage is when you feel short contractions of the cervix and there is an irregular yet not too painful contraction. The Second stage is when you are pushing the baby along the birth canal towards the end of your vagina. Delivery of the placenta completes your final labor stage. Pain in labor is similar to menstrual cramps. These are pains of contraction occurring in the cervix, which cause you to feel a terrible backache. The hardening and tightening of the uterine walls can occur for several seconds. The pain is fluctuating and you have no control when contractions will occur and how painful they will be. The only thing to can do to lessen the pain is to relax and breathe properly as instructed by the attending midwife or physician. Ultimately, your positive outlook will enable you to cope with stronger contractions. The length of labor varies but for the average woman who is having her first baby, it usually takes 12-14 hours. Hence, the lighter the contraction, the longer the labor time If contractions are longer, more painful and heavier, the labor time will be shorter.

As you pregnancy approaches the final stages, some changes may be felt several weeks before the actual labor takes place. But sometimes they begin just a few fays before labor. What are these changes?

1. BLEEDING – Because there are a lot of changes in side your body, an expulsion of vagina mucous discharge mixed with blood may occur. This happens because the small capillaries in your cervix are broken.

2. MUCUS DISCHARGE – A “mucus plug” is a thick substance that you will discharge before labor. It protects your uterus from infection. The plug may wash out as your cervix starts to thins in preparation for delivery.

3. BRAXTON-HICKS CONTRACTIONS INCREASE – Your uterus may become hard from time to time, which means that you are experiencing Braxton-Hicks contractions. These are usually painless and they occur when you’re active. Sometimes these contractions may cause false alarm of false labor. Some women experience this king of pain several weeks before actual labor starts.

4. DROPPING OF THE BABY – This feeling is associated with the feeling of increased pressure in the vagina. The fetus often drops into the pelvis before labor and you will feel a sharp stinging pain in your vagina. Also, the uterus is lowered now and an added pressure is felt.

5. DIARRHEA – Your body produces prostaglandin to help the uterus contract; this may cause loose bowel movement.

6. EFFACEMENT OF THE CERVIX – A gradual thinning of the cervix in preparation for its opening. The mother cannot anticipate effacement; this may start weeks before labor.

7. DILATATION – Before actual labor starts, there is a gradual opening of the cervix, allowing the passage of the fetus.

8. GUSHING OUT OF FLUID – the amniotic sac (water bag) protecting the fetus inside the uterus erupts. This allows the baby to pass through. Hence, there is a gushing of fluid through the vagina. Sometimes amniotic fluid is confused with normal vaginal discharge and urine, which may also gush out as the bladder is pressed heavily during labor.

THE STAGES OF LABOR

2007-09-20T11:10:00.000-07:00

The first stage of labor is composed of three phases. At the early phase, contraction occurs 15 to 20 minutes apart and dilation of the cervix is about 4 centimeters. Next come the active phase in which contractions are shorter at about 3 to 5 minutes apart. The cervix now dilates from 4 to 8 centimeters. The last phase is the transition phase, which occurs between 8 to 10 centimeters of dilation. Effacement has already progressed at the end of the final phase of the first stage.

When the cervix is fully expanded and the woman feels a need to push the baby. She has reaches the second stage of labor. This stage is ended dramatically with the birth of the baby. Usually the crown of the head comes first, followed by the shoulders and body.

The baby is delivered. At the third stage, the placenta is also delivered. It separates from the uterine wall and is expelled through the vagina. The placenta usually comes out 3 to 5 minutes after the infant has been delivered.

BABY’S POSITION INSIDE THE WOMB

2007-09-20T11:08:00.000-07:00

NORMAL POSITION – head comes first, shoulders and body
TRANSVERSE LIE POSITION – shoulder first, head and body follow
FOOTING BREECH POSITION – Feet first, body second, shoulders and head last
FRANK BREECH POSITION – Buttocks first

For positions second and last, medical practitioners may decide how you are going to deliver the baby. They know exactly what procedure should be preformed. If problems arise during labor, your doctor can help by employing any of the following means. One is the induction of oxytocin through the veins. The hormone oxytocin, which is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain, stimulates the uterus and cervix to contract. Oxytocin is normally given through a drip inserted into vein. The uterus has to contract until the placenta is spelled. The contractions you experience with oxytocin is stronger, making them more painful but speeding up your labor. Second is amniotomy.

TYPES OF BIRTH DELIVERY

2007-09-20T11:07:00.000-07:00

1. NATURAL BIRTH – Natural birth refers to a normal delivery. Sometimes, normal delivery will bring complications, and no one is safe from those. That’s why it is necessary to check you and your baby’s physical condition so that you can anticipate any possible changes in your delivery. It is also important to discuss other option with the partner early on in your pregnancy so that he can prepare for any problem that may occur in the middle of your labor. A labor that is unplanned can be a bit scary. Unexpected medical interventions may arise and induction of labor may be required. Should any complication arise, let your birth attendants (in consultation with your partner) handle the situation.

2. CAESAREAN SECTION (C-SECTION) – A surgical procedure where the baby is removed from the uterus without passing through the cervix. A cut is made from the bottom point of the navel going down vertically and a horizontal line incision along the bikini line (just above the pubic hair).

What are the possible reasons for performing a C-section?

· Baby’s head is too big for the mother’s pelvic opening, making it impossible for the baby to pass through;

· Incorrect fetus position (as in breech);

· There’s a sign of fetal distress;

· Mother’s health problems(herpes, vaginal infection, etc.); and

· Poor contraction of the cervix, umbilical cord problems; such as when the cord slips out of the birth canal before the baby comes out

Remember, though, that if the position of your baby is normal and if you are capable of having of normal delivery (that is, if there are no complications), nobody can force you to have C-section. Though the procedure involves less pain than a normal delivery, It is much more expensive. If your doctor suggests a C-section, don’t say yes immediately. Ask her why exactly it is necessary. If you and your partner agree that it will be advantageous, then go ahead and have a C-section. Most women, however, would option for it only as a last resort, that is, when normal delivery has proven unsuccessful.

3. FORCEPS DELIVERY – as C-sections gained popularity, forceps delivery declined. Forceps are only applied nowadays when the cervix of the mother has fully dilated and the baby’s head has descended into the pelvis but fails to descend any further. It is also done when there is a sign of maternal or fetal distress. Forceps (a tong-like instrument) are placed on both sides of the baby’s head, enabling the birth attendant to pull out the baby from birth canal.

4. EPISIOTOMY – A surgical cutting of the vagina opening to expedite birth and avoid tearing. After birth, the cut is immediately stitched and the wound heals within a few days.

5. VACUUM EXTRACTION – suction is applied to the baby’s head by means of a small cup attached to a pump, making it easier for the baby to pass through the birth canal.

Claim it!

2007-08-28T18:31:00.000-07:00

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